A few years ago, smart cards were just things in science fiction books and movies. The smart card contains a microchip that stores data and is an advanced type of standard chip type memory card. In a standard chip type memory card system, data processing software and hardware read information on the card, perform calculations, and write new data to the card is a basic read and write transaction. Standard chip type memory cards are inexpensive and can be used as disposable cards, such as calling cards.
First, the type of smart card and its application
1. “Contact†smart card: The “reader†device must be placed in order to display the data on the PC monitor. In this case, the microchip must be in contact with a device capable of decoding the data.
2. "Non-contact" smart card: The chip is equipped with an antenna. When passing through a card station, the antenna communicates with the basic device, and the basic device then "reads" the data on the card. |
3, dual interface smart card: combine the advantages of contact smart card and the advantages of contactless smart card on a chip. For example, when you go to the hospital to see a doctor, use your smart card at the gate of the parking lot to swing the door toward the door. The railing opens to let you enter the parking lot (non-contact). After entering the doctor's office, insert your smart card into the reader and your medical record will be displayed on the fluorescent screen of the reception nurse (contact type).
Optical cards use a large amount of memory and optical access technology to ensure that information cannot be erased from the card once it has been written. This feature makes it safe and can store X-ray photos due to its large capacity.
Smart cards are being used in all areas of the world. The US Navy uses IBM smart cards for identification and equipment distribution at its Naval Surface Operations Center. Tokyo Mitsubshi Bank and its Internet PC Bank project use smart cards to store customer passwords, certificates and key information.
The European Community and the European Health Organization have a business standard health card called DiabCard for people with diabetes. The card enables diabetics to access multiple medical addresses and allows medical institutions to easily access the medical records of people with diabetes in an emergency.
In the Netherlands, a multi-functional card has been issued to more than 300,000 students, with the goal of having 700,000 Dutch students. The card is used as a student ID card and serves as a library card, e-wallet and calling card; it contains digital codes to protect the cardholder's personal secrets.
American Express and IBM will be testing a system that will allow passengers to use electronic tickets to travel through airports and hotels.
In South Africa, a multi-purpose card issued by a large bank allows non-contact customers to access ATMs in a contactless manner.
The Western Governors Association is experimenting with state-of-the-art medical facilities using intelligent technology in agricultural districts in six states. Nevada, Idaho, Washington, Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota will all participate, with a focus on improving the lives and health of children and mothers.
New Jersey will issue a smart card driver license. Applications for such smart cards include banking services and social services.
The South American Transportation Company uses contactless smart cards for buses and subways.
The functionality and interoperability of this technology will exceed public expectations in the next 10 years.
Second, the development of smart card technology
During the Gulf War, American soldiers wore modern dog tags called "smart cards" around their necks. The computer chip embedded with this identity card stores important medical data about the soldier, which can be easily read out in first aid. The Department of Defense developed the technology in collaboration with the Battelle Institute, a non-profit research firm based in Columbus, Ohio.
Shortly after the end of the war, Dr. Eyestone of the Battelle Institute approached the Ohio Rehabilitation and Reform Agency (DRC) to further apply the technology. Eyestone introduced the situation to several DRC staff and proposed that DRC and Battelle together with the National Judicial Institute recommend that educated personnel use smart cards. As a result, the proposal was approved.
In April 1998, the Ohio Northern Center Correctional Facility (NICC) issued smart cards to more than 2,300 educated people. This computer chip will be integrated with DRC's Viiage digital photo identification card system. The data on the photo identification card is received directly from the host database to reduce duplication of data entry. The focus of the NICC pilot program is to track drug distribution. In addition to basic demographic data (name, identification number, cell, etc.), the smart card will also include the medical records of the educated person, mental illness, history of surgery, additional opinions, and data related to medication. Specifically, these data will include currently accepted (or rejected) medications and other important information such as drug allergies.
The software used to read the card is called MAPIS, a Windows-driven application. The software uses five simple icons to represent five different applications, each of which works with different processing steps. An icon is used to initialize the card and record demographic data; a second icon records important statistics and medical record information; a third icon is used by medical staff in the clinic; the fourth icon is used when the drug is delivered; The icons are used in emergency situations. The card also allows it to be used as a debit card.
Further application of the smart card means that it can read fingerprints, provide voice recognition and response, screens with color TV sets and act as wireless phones. It can be used to pay for highway fees, fines for violations and parking fees when driving. The pocket card can monitor information outside the 50 yards and at the corners. Smart cards can play your favorite music, using the electromagnetic energy on your body. If you are threatened by someone on the street, just break your smart card and the police patrol car will respond urgently and find you via GPS. Your car key will sense and warn you when you are driving and dozing off.
Smart card technology has been used in the commercial field. Most of us are familiar with debit cards, phone cards and fuel cards. But have you heard of the smart keychain? Mobil's "Speedpass" is a chip that can be loaded into a keychain. When the keychain is swung against the fuel pump, the fueling fee can be automatically deducted from the credit card, and then a robot The arm pumps the gasoline into your car. Smart cards are becoming more popular because they are easy to use, convenient for busy customers, and time-saving.
In the near future, our body will be able to implant robots (nanotechnologies) equipped with "smart card" microchips to keep our heart beating, clean our arteries and tell us when to see a doctor.
"Aircraft, steamboats and trains", remember this song? Add the word "smart" in front of every word, and you can understand the impact of computer chips on everything we do. The US Air Force manufactures intelligent wings so that one day the aircraft can fly like a bird's wings. Thousands of sensors will be mounted on the wing to respond to wind conditions.
The realization of smart prisons will not fall behind. In fact, smart prisons may also be ahead of the community in developing infrastructure that meets the needs of multimedia. For example, the Ohio DRC will lay fiber-optic networks and dual T-1 lines in 30 prisons and all parole points in all states in 1999. This fiber-optic network and Tl line will enable the office to perform multimedia functions such as remote medication and remote lectures, video conferencing, and even one day of desktop training sessions. The infrastructure must be able to meet the bandwidth requirements of these different applications.
In order to promote the development of intelligent technology, the World Smart Card Association was established in 1997 in San Diego, USA. John Eger, executive director of the association, said: "Before the cities were built along railways, highways and waterways. This is not the case in future cities. They will be built along the new communications infrastructure; communication lines will be voice, image, text and Data is available to every family, school, hospital, and business.†Eger's new non-profit group will help governments and community leaders around the world bring their communities into the information age.
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