What is an ICC management file?
The ICC (International Color Consortiun) International Color Consortium was founded in 1993 and has eight companies. They are Adobe, Apple, Microsoft, Silicon Graphics, Sun and Taligent, which provide platforms for color management, Agfa and Eastman Kodak. A practical color management manufacturer with open standards. In addition to the launching company, ICC has 61 member companies and 3 honorary members. These companies are all important companies in the relevant color field. They used to have various standards, so most of the systems on the market could not be compatible, which restricted the promotion of products and the development of related technologies. In view of this, these companies organized ICC and decided to create an open, universal, cross-platform, standard color management system. The application of this standard color management system enables each product to coordinate with each other in various fields. . This standard color management system has been ISO certified to become the international standard for color management.
At the heart of this standard color management system is the ICC Profile, which we call a color profile. The ICC Profile is simply a file describing the color characteristics of a color device. It shows the correspondence between the color description of this particular device and the standard color space. There are seven ICC profiles, namely input, output, display, drive connection, color space conversion, spot color and absolute profile. Generally we can only encounter the first three. The input ICC Profile is for scanners and digital cameras. The output ICC Profile is for printers and film recorders. The ICC Profile is for various displays including LCD and CRT.
ICC Profile and color reproduction
Simply put, the ICC Profile of a device is the color profile of the device, which is a correspondence between the color description of the device and the color description of the standard color space. The description of the color between different devices passes the standard color space and The ICC Profile of these devices is linked.
But only in this way, we can't match the color of one device completely with the color of another device, because the projection range of all the colors of the two devices in the standard color space is different. This projection range is called the color gamut. In order to ensure the quality of the original, we need to completely cover the color gamut of the copied object with the color gamut of the copy. The color gamut of the copy is easier than the gamut of the original, and it is ok. However, the color gamut of the copy is less than the gamut of the original. The current practice is two-fold. One is proportional compression, which compresses all the colors of the original into the color gamut of the copy. The method guarantees the contrast and level of the original color, but does not guarantee the accuracy of the color; the second method is boundary compression, compressing the color of the original outside the copy gamut to the boundary of the copy gamut, the color within the color gamut It remains the same, this method guarantees accurate reproduction of common neutral colors, but the limit color has a parallel phenomenon.
In particular, the problem of the error of the entire ICC Profile system is mentioned here. It mainly refers to the error of the color measurement equipment. According to the color theory described above, we know the color picking environment of the color measurement equipment and the environment in which we observe the sample. There are differences, and depending on the physical accuracy of the color measurement equipment, we can probably estimate that the difference in color reproduction using only the device color measurement is about 4% (where the error of the spectrophotometer itself is between 1% and 2%). The human eye can accurately compare the color difference below 1%, so the blind worship of the spectrophotometer is not advisable, which also explains why it is not recommended to do the color profile of the printing device. So what is the use of color measurement equipment? Admonish everyone does not have color measurement equipment, the difficulty of color adjustment is 20 times that of the color measurement equipment.
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