I. "Alpine roses"
“Mountain Rose†is a multi-year herbaceous plant that grows on the Alps. It is about 5 or 6 inches tall. It is covered with fluff. Its flowers, stems and leaves are yellow-green. This kind of wildflower is only above 2000 meters above sea level in the Alps. It can only be found on the sunny slopes and rock seams. In order to express love loyalty to the beloved girl, the local young people often risk their lives to climb the mountains to pick them up (so this kind of wildflower is also called “the flower of happiness and loveâ€). Gradually, the tradition of mountaineering in the Alps has been formed. People have gradually accumulated various experiences in mountaineering and mastered the techniques of climbing various rocks, slopes and identifying the dangers of various mountains. Since then, mountaineering has gradually developed into a Items for everyone's favorite sports.
2. Sammoni Village and "Alpine Movement"
The Alps is the largest mountain in western Europe. It spans France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria and other countries. Its branches extend to countries such as Germany, Hungary and Yugoslavia. Its highest peak, Mont Blanc, is located in France, close to the Italian and Swiss borders and 4,807 meters above sea level. It is the highest point in Western Europe. Near Mont Blanc, there is the unique Shamonie needle peak in the Alps. There is a small mountain city under the peaks of the Chamonix, the birthplace of modern mountaineering known worldwide.
In the early morning of May 1760, the Swiss scientist De Sauveur posted a notice in the village of Charmoni: "Anyone who can board or provide the route to the top of Mont Blanc will be rewarded with a great deal of money." Twenty-six years after the announcement was posted, a village doctor, Jake Bakaro, in the village of Chamonix, released the notice. He and the crystallized stone Palmer marched to Mont Blanc on August 6, 1786. On the afternoon of August 8th, for the first time in human history, he reached the summit of Mont Blanc, the highest peak in Western Europe.
Then Saurer and 19 other members of the scientific community lined up again at the top of Mont Blanc on August 3, 1987 at 11 am on the 3rd of August 1987 to unveil the prelude to modern mountaineering. Later, people referred to mountaineering as the “Alpine movement†and regarded Saurer, Bakaro, and Balmar as founders of the world’s mountaineering.
III. The Three Golden Ages of the Alps
For more than half a century after Saurer, mountaineering, as an integral part of the cultural sphere, has also shown itself in the face of a new historical era.
In the summer of 1855, climbers from various countries began to march toward the peaks of the Alps after taking full preparation of their bodies, equipment, and technology with different purposes and requirements. In the 10 years from 1855 to 1865, all the 21 peaks above 4,000 meters in the Alps except the Mont Blanc were conquered by climbers from all over the world.
At this point, the alpinism as the center of the mountain climbing reached its peak, the emergence of the so-called "Alpine Golden Age."
"Silver Age"
After 1865, people turned to the more difficult and difficult routes that they had never climbed to climb the main peak of the Alps. In order to overcome difficulties, people began to study and use some auxiliary equipment to climb and pass through dangerous areas. Starting from 1890 to 1917, it is a new era in which the world's mountaineering technology has made continuous progress and progress. It is another new stage after the “Golden Ageâ€. This is known as the “Alpine Silver Age†in the history of world mountaineering.
"Iron Age"
The so-called "Iron Age of the Iron Age", that is, the mountaineers to the "Three Great Northern Walls" (ie, the north wall of the Madarahorn peak, the northern wall of the Goulart J拉斯mas, and the northern wall of the Eger峰 peak The acknowledged difficult line is the era of challenges. In the summer of 1938, the three most difficult northern walls were conquered by rock climbers in Germany and Austria.
4. Late Himalayas At the end of the 19th century, mountaineering, centered on the Alps, began to develop in mountainous areas around the world. All the way east, into the high mountains of Asia, the other way across the Atlantic into the American continent.
The early stages of mountaineering in high mountain areas in Asia were all of an exploratory nature and were therefore called "alpine adventures". This period began in 1907 and ended in 1938. Due to the geography, geological, geomorphological, and meteorological characteristics of the Himalayas, the early stage pioneers paid a considerable price.
"Golden Age"
From 1938 to 1964, fourteen peaks over 8 kilometers above sea level on the Himalayas and Karakoram were successively conquered. This is known as the “Golden Age of the Himalayas†in the history of human mountaineering. On May 2, 1964, the Xishabangmafeng Mountain Commando team consisting of 10 Chinese players climbed the team for the first time. At this point, the fourteen peaks on the Earth above 8,000 meters have all been conquered by humans.
"Silver Age"
In May 1964, the era of pioneering climbing has been ended, which ushered in a new era of mountaineering - the era of silver. The characteristics of this era are: National climbers try to climb from different angles and routes, continue to create new climbing routes and number of records; adaptive training, well-trained mountaineers can be based on the use of non-oxygen equipment Climbing to a height of 8,500 meters above sea level; women have created new records for women's mountaineering on the Mount Everest and outstanding female mountaineers continue to emerge; modern equipment for mountaineering continues to evolve, and new types of alpine climbing activities such as alpine skiing have been derived. Mountain gliding and so on.
"Himalayan fever"
In 1980, there was a new upsurge in mountaineering in the Himalaya high mountains. From 1980 to 1981, more than a year in the spring, 120 mountaineering teams from five continents around the world engaged in mountaineering activities on the Himalayas near the China-Nepal border, creating a number of outstanding world records. Therefore, the international mountaineering community hailed this kind of mountaineering as the “Himalaya fever†in the 1980s. Small profit finishing
“Mountain Rose†is a multi-year herbaceous plant that grows on the Alps. It is about 5 or 6 inches tall. It is covered with fluff. Its flowers, stems and leaves are yellow-green. This kind of wildflower is only above 2000 meters above sea level in the Alps. It can only be found on the sunny slopes and rock seams. In order to express love loyalty to the beloved girl, the local young people often risk their lives to climb the mountains to pick them up (so this kind of wildflower is also called “the flower of happiness and loveâ€). Gradually, the tradition of mountaineering in the Alps has been formed. People have gradually accumulated various experiences in mountaineering and mastered the techniques of climbing various rocks, slopes and identifying the dangers of various mountains. Since then, mountaineering has gradually developed into a Items for everyone's favorite sports.
2. Sammoni Village and "Alpine Movement"
The Alps is the largest mountain in western Europe. It spans France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria and other countries. Its branches extend to countries such as Germany, Hungary and Yugoslavia. Its highest peak, Mont Blanc, is located in France, close to the Italian and Swiss borders and 4,807 meters above sea level. It is the highest point in Western Europe. Near Mont Blanc, there is the unique Shamonie needle peak in the Alps. There is a small mountain city under the peaks of the Chamonix, the birthplace of modern mountaineering known worldwide.
In the early morning of May 1760, the Swiss scientist De Sauveur posted a notice in the village of Charmoni: "Anyone who can board or provide the route to the top of Mont Blanc will be rewarded with a great deal of money." Twenty-six years after the announcement was posted, a village doctor, Jake Bakaro, in the village of Chamonix, released the notice. He and the crystallized stone Palmer marched to Mont Blanc on August 6, 1786. On the afternoon of August 8th, for the first time in human history, he reached the summit of Mont Blanc, the highest peak in Western Europe.
Then Saurer and 19 other members of the scientific community lined up again at the top of Mont Blanc on August 3, 1987 at 11 am on the 3rd of August 1987 to unveil the prelude to modern mountaineering. Later, people referred to mountaineering as the “Alpine movement†and regarded Saurer, Bakaro, and Balmar as founders of the world’s mountaineering.
III. The Three Golden Ages of the Alps
For more than half a century after Saurer, mountaineering, as an integral part of the cultural sphere, has also shown itself in the face of a new historical era.
In the summer of 1855, climbers from various countries began to march toward the peaks of the Alps after taking full preparation of their bodies, equipment, and technology with different purposes and requirements. In the 10 years from 1855 to 1865, all the 21 peaks above 4,000 meters in the Alps except the Mont Blanc were conquered by climbers from all over the world.
At this point, the alpinism as the center of the mountain climbing reached its peak, the emergence of the so-called "Alpine Golden Age."
"Silver Age"
After 1865, people turned to the more difficult and difficult routes that they had never climbed to climb the main peak of the Alps. In order to overcome difficulties, people began to study and use some auxiliary equipment to climb and pass through dangerous areas. Starting from 1890 to 1917, it is a new era in which the world's mountaineering technology has made continuous progress and progress. It is another new stage after the “Golden Ageâ€. This is known as the “Alpine Silver Age†in the history of world mountaineering.
"Iron Age"
The so-called "Iron Age of the Iron Age", that is, the mountaineers to the "Three Great Northern Walls" (ie, the north wall of the Madarahorn peak, the northern wall of the Goulart J拉斯mas, and the northern wall of the Eger峰 peak The acknowledged difficult line is the era of challenges. In the summer of 1938, the three most difficult northern walls were conquered by rock climbers in Germany and Austria.
4. Late Himalayas At the end of the 19th century, mountaineering, centered on the Alps, began to develop in mountainous areas around the world. All the way east, into the high mountains of Asia, the other way across the Atlantic into the American continent.
The early stages of mountaineering in high mountain areas in Asia were all of an exploratory nature and were therefore called "alpine adventures". This period began in 1907 and ended in 1938. Due to the geography, geological, geomorphological, and meteorological characteristics of the Himalayas, the early stage pioneers paid a considerable price.
"Golden Age"
From 1938 to 1964, fourteen peaks over 8 kilometers above sea level on the Himalayas and Karakoram were successively conquered. This is known as the “Golden Age of the Himalayas†in the history of human mountaineering. On May 2, 1964, the Xishabangmafeng Mountain Commando team consisting of 10 Chinese players climbed the team for the first time. At this point, the fourteen peaks on the Earth above 8,000 meters have all been conquered by humans.
"Silver Age"
In May 1964, the era of pioneering climbing has been ended, which ushered in a new era of mountaineering - the era of silver. The characteristics of this era are: National climbers try to climb from different angles and routes, continue to create new climbing routes and number of records; adaptive training, well-trained mountaineers can be based on the use of non-oxygen equipment Climbing to a height of 8,500 meters above sea level; women have created new records for women's mountaineering on the Mount Everest and outstanding female mountaineers continue to emerge; modern equipment for mountaineering continues to evolve, and new types of alpine climbing activities such as alpine skiing have been derived. Mountain gliding and so on.
"Himalayan fever"
In 1980, there was a new upsurge in mountaineering in the Himalaya high mountains. From 1980 to 1981, more than a year in the spring, 120 mountaineering teams from five continents around the world engaged in mountaineering activities on the Himalayas near the China-Nepal border, creating a number of outstanding world records. Therefore, the international mountaineering community hailed this kind of mountaineering as the “Himalaya fever†in the 1980s. Small profit finishing
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