Bamboo plants grow fast, produce high yields, and can be harvested quantitatively every year. They play an important role in economic development (especially in the economic construction of third world countries), so bamboo has the name of “poor wood†in India. Bamboo is used in a wide range of applications, mainly for traditional use, modern use, papermaking and waste utilization.
Various bamboo products
1. Traditional use
(1) Using its splitting properties: weaving utensils, bamboo curtains, bamboo mats, bamboo sheds, bamboo fences, fan bones, ribs, lanterns, etc.;
(2) Utilize its load capacity: Yan Yan, sun drying, flagpole, stretcher, scaffolding, bamboo bed, bamboo chopsticks, pillars, beams and columns, doors and windows, floors, bamboo bridges, bamboo poles and other furniture and utensils;
(3) Lijia's elasticity: bow, scorpion, fishing rod, etc.;
(4) Use its resistance: bed column, machine foot, walking stick, umbrella handle, pole vault, bamboo nail, bamboo hoop, etc.;
(5) Utilizing its air-to-air characteristics: waterwheels, buckets, water pipes, chimneys, torches, bamboo bottles, and various instruments such as air and flute;
(6) Use its appearance characteristics: bamboo rope, eucalyptus, crafts, toys, etc.
In fact, the vastness of bamboo use is endless. Take the ethnic minorities in western Fujian and southern Anhui as examples. Their ancestors used bamboo habits to live in bamboo buildings, bamboo mats, bamboo poles, bamboo fire, and bamboo shooters. , the owner of the bamboo building, the user bamboo chopsticks, the bridge to the bamboo. Crossing the river to cut bamboo for cockroaches, flood control and bamboo preparation, large barrels, baskets, hoes, paintings and other utensils are all taken from bamboo, and smoking is also made with bamboo hookah. Celebrate the "high rise" of the Lunar New Year (Water Festival). It is a main rocket made of bamboo slips. It is worth mentioning that the bamboo pots cooked by the Yi people with the fragrant bamboo stalks are not only popular, but also a special use of bamboo.
Xi'an Banna's bamboo house is made of bamboo. In addition to the top of the cover, it is sometimes arranged with grass, pillars, girders, girders, shackles, baffles, ladders, etc. The bamboo floor should be all bamboo produced by Xishuangbanna. Legend has it that the family members did not build houses in ancient times, and most of them lived in caves or lived in trees. Later, Pasan Yatuti saw a feathery wind blowing in the face of heavy rain. He imitated the phoenix's wings to cover the ridge of the adult shape; the imitation of the phoenix's foot stood on the ground and divided the room into two layers; the imitation phoenix bowed down and covered the human roof with thatch or bamboo, thus designed to form a two-story bamboo house. Passed down from generation to generation. Then the descendants called the bamboo building "the house of Paya Sanmu." With the development of economy and culture, there are not many bamboos built in the whole building, but people still call them bamboo buildings. This is not only a habit problem, but also contains the infinite love of the Yi people to the bamboo building. It also shows the long history of bamboo folk use. The bamboo building where the family members live is warm in winter and cool in summer, and is characterized by moisture and shock resistance. It is simple and elegant. A bamboo building is hidden in the bamboo bushes, forming a unique ethnic bamboo culture.
2. The development of modern science and technology has opened up new ways for the use of bamboo. In the 1940s, foreign countries began to develop bamboo plywood, and successively built bamboo fiberboard and veneer production lines. However, China's bamboo processing has been stuck in traditional projects, with backward technology and monotonous products. In the past 10 years, the home and relevant governments at all levels have stepped up financial support for bamboo production, industry management and science and technology promotion. China's bamboo and wood industry has quietly emerged. Take the bamboo wood. It mainly produces bamboo artificial boards in large quantities, replacing all kinds of wooden boards. The main products are: bamboo plywood, bamboo layer active, bamboo rotary cutting board, veneer decorative board, bamboo parquet floor, bamboo and wood composite board, bamboo slab laminate, Bamboo particle board, bamboo particle board, bamboo corrugated board and bamboo fiberboard. The bamboo artificial board is fine in material, not easy to crack and deform, and has the advantages of compression resistance, tensile strength and bending resistance. The performance indexes are higher than common wood.
According to incomplete statistics, in the southern provinces and regions rich in bamboo resources such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, hundreds of bamboo-based wood-based panels have been established, with an annual output of more than 50,000 m3, equivalent to an annual savings of 150,000. m wood. At present, bamboo wood-based panels have been widely used in construction, packaging, furniture, transportation and other industries in China.
Bamboo-made furniture is rich in its unique beauty, and the bamboo is easy to bend and shape, making it an ideal material for making all kinds of beautiful furniture. At present, bamboo furniture mainly includes round bamboo furniture, full bamboo glued folding furniture, bamboo slab panel furniture, split sheet veneer combination furniture and multi-layer glued curved furniture. For example, in Sichuan Province, the bamboo mat is used to make the back of "Ximengsi", which has become a combination of Chinese and Western products for winter and summer. It is beautiful, comfortable and durable, adding new styles to the furniture.
Bamboo is also widely used in civil engineering construction. China has been widely used in the construction of private houses more than 2,000 years ago. So far, the southern provinces still use bamboo to build some semi-permanent or temporary houses, sheds and warehouses. In the garden, the bamboo building pavilion and the corridor are connected, and there is a sense of oriental chic. Some foreign countries are rich in bamboo. For example, 90% of rural houses in Bangladesh are constructed of bamboo. There are many foreign literatures on the application of bamboo in this field. For example, American scholar FAMcClure has summarized the basic methods of building bamboo houses in Central and South America. In 1953, he published the book Bamboo as a Building Material, United Nations. In 1972, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Economy published the application of bamboo and reeds in architecture. Bamboo is used in civil engineering projects and can be broadly classified into the following categories: base columns, building push frames, scaffolding, and floor materials (flooring). Roofing materials (bamboo tiles), walls (bamboo panels, fence walls), trusses, bamboo structures, interior decoration, bamboo water pipes, bamboo reinforced concrete, etc.
Kunming Architectural Design Institute and Kunming Construction Company have designed a large bamboo building built of oil bamboo. It was exhibited at the "Natural Wonders" exhibition held in Zurich, Switzerland in 1984, and it was noticed by all parties. In 1985, it was rebuilt in Motland, the Netherlands. The building is 22.5m high and is divided into five floors. It is a spectacular product. It is a combination of the traditional bamboo craftsmanship and modern design techniques. 1988. They also built a two-span bamboo bridge with a height of 7.7m and a total length of 55m with bamboo at the 9th Garden Expo in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Once again caused a sensation, known as the "European first bamboo bridge."
With the development of science and technology, China has continuously developed new areas of utilization of bamboo materials. Bamboo products are changing with each passing day. There are hundreds of products that have obtained the same patents. The development of industrialized bamboo-based wood-based panels is particularly remarkable, from the use and structure. Look, you can classify them as follows: Bamboo wood-based panel bamboo particle board particle board bamboo board fiberboard bamboo plywood bamboo plywood (car box board) bamboo plywood (building formwork) bamboo laminated board bamboo floor single-layer radial plate Three-layer chord-direction board cross-cut panel bamboo-wood composite board bamboo-plastic composite board veneer decorative board composite board
3. Waste utilization With the rapid development of the bamboo industry, various bamboo scraps are gradually increasing. In the face of insufficient forest resources, how to fully and effectively use these wastes has become an urgent problem for the comprehensive utilization of bamboo, and has broad prospects.
Bamboo waste mainly refers to harvesting residues and processing wastes, such as edge materials, fine shavings, bamboo branches, flowering bamboo, bamboo rafts and so on. Large-scale bamboo processing waste has been widely used by using bamboo and then mixing 20% ​​to 30% of processing waste as a raw material for pulping and paper making. The glutinous yellow is the residue of the bamboo after weaving. After the process of matting, drying, gluing and hot pressing, it can be made into a new type of artificial board with a wide range of uses. Shaving-type bamboo waste can be used to manufacture particle board for construction. Bamboo processing waste can be used to manufacture particle board and honeycomb board, bamboo board, bamboo material board and so on. Bamboo branches and shoots are the main residues during harvesting. According to the survey, the accumulation of branches and leaves in bamboo accounts for 20% to 25% of the stalk volume. It is a pity to be discarded. The use of twigs as raw materials can produce plastic bamboo chipboard, which can also be used as raw material for papermaking. The whole process is similar to bamboo papermaking. In addition to folk use, bamboo rafts can also be made into syrup with cigarette paper. Through practice, some manufacturers have obtained a more mature experience in this respect.
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