Soybean ink has the advantages of printing quality and environmental protection, and has been applied to sheet type, rotary type, business forms, and elastic letterpress ink. This study intends to conduct experiments on the suitability of lithographic printing such as the viscosity, anti-cleavage stability, emulsification characteristics and particle size of soybean ink, and then to measure the concentration and gloss after the color development of the paper, and then analyze and compare it with the general traditional ink. To understand the difference in the suitability of lithographic printing between soybean ink and general traditional ink.
1. Introduction
1. Research motivation and background
The composition of general lithographic printing ink includes colorants, media and some additives, among which the media are mainly hard resin, vegetable oil and some non-vegetable components. The vegetable oil in the soybean ink is the composition of some soybean oil. The composition of the soybean oil varies with the printing method. It is not the same as the petroleum-based ink. Although the soybean ink contains the same pigment as the petroleum-based ink, most Pigments are petrochemicals, but soybean ink can be partially decomposed, but petroleum-based inks cannot be decomposed.
As for the production of soybean ink, it was from the 1979 American Newspaper Publisher Association (ANPA) that advocated the development of oil-based printing inks. At the time, the second oil crisis coincided with OPEC ’s The output of crude oil indirectly affects the supply of raw materials. In order to reduce the dependence on imported crude oil, it has been found that vegetable oils with both non-volatile and decomposable properties can produce vegetable inks to replace petroleum-based inks, which can improve the newspaper's rub resistance Sex. In addition, the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in petroleum-based inks caused ecological harm. Later, after testing more than 2,000 vegetable oils, scholars believed that the soybean ink containing soybean oil was non-toxic and available, so 1987 American Sunshine Chemical Company began to produce soybean ink, and later introduced into the newspaper industry. Now, soybean ink has even been promoted to all over the world. Later, there is a soybean label marking ink containing soybean oil, which is also being used in Taiwan. Taiwan is also promoting the printing industry (Wang Shouhong, 2004; PA Noirot, 2004; E. Axmear, 2004 ; Patterson, 2003).
In terms of printability of soybean ink, it has the following characteristics:
(1) The emulsifying ability of ink is weak, and it can maintain its rheological properties and water tolerance in the printing of more than 50,000 prints (B. Fuchs, 1991; SZ Erhan, 1992) .
(2) When the same amount of water is added, the reaction of soybean ink to water is sharper than that of mineral ink, the ink transfer is cleaner and faster, and the soybean ink has a lower resistance to splitting (PA Noirot, 2004; B . Fuchs, 1991).
(3) In terms of ink viscosity, a study by Boris Fuchs et al. (1991) shows that concentrated soybean ink has a relatively low viscosity. The study of PA Noirot (2004) mentions that the viscosity of soybean oil at 23 ℃ is much higher than that of mineral oil .
The application of soybean ink in printing has the following advantages:
(1) It has good rub resistance, so that readers are not bothered by black hands.
(2) No irritating smell.
(3) The color of the ink is thick and bright, so that the printing industry can use less ink, save costs and increase printing units.
(4) The expansion of outlets can be reduced.
(V) As far as environmental protection is concerned, the VOCs contained in soybean ink are 17% of petroleum-based inks, which can be said to be non-toxic inks (E. Axmear, 2004).
(6) It has a relatively good deinking property, and can be backfilled in black ink mixed for recycling, which is beneficial to environmental protection and low cost (B. Simpson, 1994).
As for the shortcomings, the price of soybean ink is the only black ink used for newspaper printing, which is about 25% more expensive than petroleum-based inks, and soybean ink dries slower than mineral inks (PA Noirot, 2004). The application of soybean ink in lithographic printing still faces some problems. For example, the surface of the finished product is easy to be dried because the ink is not completed, causing the surface of the printed product to be stained, and the difference between the hue and the final version is large, the color gloss is not good, and the image performance is insufficient. , No three-dimensional feeling, etc., and also found that the black ink density is insufficient, the yellow ink ink balance is not good (Lv Lihua, 2004).
Based on the characteristics and problems of the above soybean ink, this study intends to conduct an experimental analysis of the printing suitability of soybean ink in lithographic printing, compare the difference in printing suitability between soybean ink and general lithographic ink, and compare the soybean ink in lithographic printing. Explore the characteristics.
2. Research Purpose
This study experimented with a set of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks for a set of lithographic printing soybean inks and a set of general lithographic printing inks to explore the differences in printing suitability between soybean printing inks and general inks, and provided results to The printing industry as a reference.
The objectives of this study include:
(1) Discuss the difference between the adaptability of soybean ink and traditional general ink in lithographic printing, including the difference of ink's anti-cleavage stability, viscosity, emulsification rate and particle size.
(2) Discuss the difference in concentration, hue and gloss of soybean ink and traditional general ink on paper development.
(3) From the stability of the ink's anti-crack force, calculate the regression curve equation of the soybean ink's anti-crack force stability trend.
3. Research Process
This research is to discuss the difference in the lithographic suitability of soybean ink and general ink, so the study uses a group of soybean ink as the experimental group and a group of general ink as the control group to compare and analyze the printing adaptability of soybean ink.
Two, literature discussion
1. Plant ink
The inks used in today's printing, in addition to traditional inks, have also developed many environmentally friendly inks. In order for the ink to meet environmental protection requirements, the ink composition should be changed first, that is, the new ink should be formulated with environmentally friendly materials. At present, the main environmentally friendly inks are mainly water-based ink (water-based ink), ultraviolet ink (UV ink) and vegetable oil-based ink (vegetable oil-based ink).
(1) History
In the 1980s, the American Press and Publication Association (ANPA) developed a series of ink formulations that mixed hard pitch and tall oil fatty acid with carbon black pigments, but these inks were limited by price and tall The availability of oil, coupled with the difficulty of cleaning bitumen, has not been fully accepted by the industry. Later, in 1985, ANPA improved and developed a medium suitable for lithographic news printing inks (vehicles), including alkaline refined soybean oil, hydrocarbon resins and pigments (Wang Shouhong, 2004; Noirot, 2004; Axmear, 2004; Patterson, 2003).
(Two) structure
There are three basic types of vegetable oils in vegetable inks:
1. Dry oil: In the printing process, when the oil contacts oxygen, it changes from liquid to solid, where oxygen controls the role of the catalyst. In the past, those used in the ink industry generally focused on dry oils. The medium in traditional ink usually contains linseed oil or other dry oil, and also contains some petroleum substances as the solvent in the medium
2. Semi-dry oil: vegetable inks usually use semi-dry oils such as soybean oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, tall oil, etc. to replace the petroleum substances in the ink formulation.
3. Non-drying oil.
From the point of view of the molecular structure of ink, vegetable oil molecules are very different from mineral oil molecules. Mineral oil molecules are three to five times smaller than vegetable oil molecules without considering branching. Because of the difference in molecular structure, vegetable oil is much heavier than mineral oil, so vegetable oil can hardly be fixed and dried under heating (Noirot, 2004).
(3) Features
Viscosity
The oil used in traditional inks has a viscosity of 5 mPa.s at 23 ℃, 44 mPa.s for linseed oil, and 55 mPa.s for soybean oil (Noirot, 2004). This difference will affect the ink on coated paper. Absorption. (Noirot, 2004).
2. Stability of anti-split force
Under the same amount of water, the vegetable ink has a sharper response to the addition of water, and the transfer recovery is faster, which means that the water is limited and quickly absorbed. In addition, the mineral ink shows a drop in the resistance to splitting and is unstable Moisture absorption, if the printer is not properly managed, may cause excessive emulsification.
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