Water is the source of life. With the progress of society and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people are paying more and more attention to the safety of drinking water. The main aspects of drinking water safety issues include heavy metal pollution, microbial contamination, and pesticide residues. The various pesticide residues in drinking water have certain toxicity to the body, and most of them will cause carcinogenic and teratogenic effects. If not controlled, it will cause serious harm to human health. In order to better protect the health of the human body, the drinking water indicator GB/5749-2006 increased from 35 items in GB5749-1985 to 106 items, an increase of 71 items, of which the organic compounds in the toxicological indicators increased from the original 5 to 53. item. In this paper, a review of the application of liquid chromatography in water quality analysis is made to further understand the importance of high performance liquid chromatography in water quality analysis.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a separation analysis technique developed in the 1970s. Since the 1980s, HPLC has become the fastest growing separation analysis technology in the international analytical chemistry community, and has been widely used in many fields such as industry and agriculture, medical and health, and environmental monitoring.
High performance liquid chromatography generally consists of a high pressure infusion system, a sample introduction system, a chromatographic separation system, a detector, a recorder or a data processor. The flow is carried by the high-pressure infusion pump, the sample is sent by the sample introduction device, the mobile phase carries the sample into the column for separation, and the separated components enter the detector in turn, and the signal output by the detector is recorded by the recorder or The processing is recorded by the data processor. High-pressure infusion pumps, columns, and detectors are the three key components of HPLC, and stationary phases, mobile phases, and columns are at the heart of high-performance liquid chromatography separation systems.
High performance liquid chromatography has the same principle as classical column chromatography. The solute undergoes a continuous exchange process between the stationary phase and the mobile phase, due to the difference in partition coefficient, affinity, adsorption capacity, ion exchange or molecular size difference between the two phases. Separation. According to the separation mechanism, it can be divided into liquid-liquid distribution chromatography, liquid-solid adsorption chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and space exclusion chromatography. Liquid-liquid partition chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography are generally used in water quality analysis.
Application in water quality
Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are volatile hydrocarbons produced when coal, petroleum, wood, tobacco, organic polymer compounds and other organic substances are not completely burned. They are the most abundant and widely distributed environmental carcinogens, more than 1,000 have been discovered. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives account for more than one-third of carcinogens. Therefore, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples is often used as one of the important indicators for environmental pollution assessment. The strict control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in GB5749-2006 is 0.01μg/L. [2] Since polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not easily vaporized, they have sensitive characteristic responses on UV or fluorescence detectors, eliminating or reducing the interference of compounds without UV absorption or fluorescence-free signals. Good separation in the column, therefore, high performance liquid chromatography is listed as the preferred analytical method for benzo[a]pyrene.
Separation and analysis of pesticides in water
The invention and use of pesticides has undoubtedly greatly increased the yield of crops. However, the negative impact of pesticide residues in water and food on human health is also increasingly apparent. After humans drink into the water source contaminated by pesticides, the pesticides left in them will be stored in the body, and the excretion will be slow, which will eventually cause acute or chronic poisoning in humans, leading to serious harm. Therefore, pesticide residue analysis is becoming more and more important as people pay attention to health. Liquid chromatography is one of the new and advanced pesticide residue analysis technologies, especially its separation and detection for non-volatile, heat-prone and highly polar substances. There have been many reports on the detection of pesticide residues in food and water at home and abroad.
In the water quality analysis, high performance liquid chromatography is an analytical method with high efficiency, high sensitivity, high accuracy and easy operation. The continuous improvement of various components, the emergence of higher performance detectors, the application of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography will play an increasingly important role in water quality analysis.
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