The history of the scale production of sofas in China is not long. Before the 1980s, the production of sofas was mainly made by hand, and the materials used were relatively simple. The cushions were mainly cotton wool and brown silk, and the quantity, quality and grade of the products were at a low level. After the reform and opening up, the sofa has entered the track of regular production due to the introduction and adoption of advanced springs, foam plastics, seaming and other equipment.
The cushion material of the sofa is also changed from cotton wool and brown silk to foam plastic, spring bag, etc. The fabric is also diversified, including chemical fiber, cotton cloth, silk, linen, leather, etc., while increasing the elasticity and overall of the sofa seat and backrest. Durability adds bandages and snake springs to the production of sofas.
However, with the increasing demand for sofas in the market, some companies have cut corners in the production of sofas, shoddy and shoddy, and hit the market with low prices. As a result, the quality of sofas is worrying, and consumers’ quality complaints are also Stay high. Faced with the quality problems of sofa products, the author combined with QB/T 1952.1-2003 "soft furniture sofa" to do a elaboration and analysis, and hope to play a reference role in the production of enterprises.
Quality problems in sofa production
In the daily inspection of the sofa and the complaints of the consumers, the quality problems reflected in the sofa mainly include the requirements for the wooden parts of the sofa, the foam resilience, the mechanical properties, the odor of the sofa, and the collapse of the sofa seat.
1. Requirements for internal wooden parts
According to the requirements of Chapter 5 of QB/T 1952.1-2003 "Software Furniture Sofa", the wooden materials used in the sofa should not be used: 1 the insect is still eroding the wood; 2 the area of ​​the slightly decayed material exceeds 15% of the parts area; The depth of the decaying material is more than 25% of the thickness of the material; the natural twill of the wood in the 4 parts of the force is more than 20%; 5 the wood with slight cracks or knots affects the structural strength; 6 the wood with bark.
In the daily inspection, the most common problem is the use of wood with bark or worms in the interior wooden parts. The use of wood with bark or worms on the sofa will affect its strength and service life. At the same time, the bark of the wood is more likely to contain eggs. If the treatment of the wood does not meet the requirements, it will be affected by factors such as increased temperature and humidity, which will cause mildew, bacteria and microorganisms, thus affecting the health of the user.
2, foam resilience energy
According to the requirements of Chapter 5 of QB/T 1952.1-2003 "Software Furniture Sofa", the resilience of sofa foam should be 45% or more for Grade A products; 40% for Grade B products; and 35% for Grade C products. However, in the daily inspection, some foams used in some sofas do not meet the standard requirements.
Resilience is an important physical indicator of foam, and its size reflects the elasticity of foam. Failure of the project will directly affect the comfort and service life of the sofa product. The main reason for the unsatisfactory resilience of the sofa foam is that the manufacturer is driven by the interests and uses the quality of the foam to reduce the cost. The foaming process of foam is the key link affecting the quality of foam. Regular manufacturers generally use low-temperature cold-curing foam, which foams under low temperature conditions. The bubbles are good, the size is uniform, the density is high, and the rebound resilience is good. Durable, but hard to handle. In order to reduce costs, some companies often make fuss about the foam, such as reducing the amount of foam, changing the foaming temperature, etc., so that the foam is easy to age and has a low rebound strength.
3. Mechanical performance requirements
QB/T1952.1-2003 "soft furniture sofa" standard stipulates: "Classification project should reach C or above" After the sofa seat back passes the C-class 20,000 durability test, the seat and back fabric should be intact, and the fabric sewing position is not Off-line or cracking, the padding is not displaced or damaged, the spring is not inclined, no loose or broken spring, the bandage is not broken or loosened; the skeleton is not permanently loose or broken"; "the seat surface compression amount a≥55mm".
In the actual inspection, it was found that a certain number of sofas did not meet the standard requirements. The problem was mainly caused by the occurrence of broken springs, broken bandages and permanent loosening of the skeleton and skeleton breakage during the durability test of the sofa. These problems all indicate that the production process of individual enterprises is backward, the production process cuts corners, the purchase of raw materials only depends on the price, regardless of quality, and the quality management level is very low.
4, sofa odor
The irritating smell of sofas and the presence of harmful substances have become one of the most complaints among consumers in recent years. The main reason is that some sofa manufacturers use a large number of artificial board materials such as plywood in the production of sofa frames, and individual sofas are on the seat and back. The foam used above is bonded by a multi-layer foam.
The use of wood-based panels and adhesives in sofas can easily cause harmful effects of harmful substances such as formaldehyde and organic volatiles on the human body and environmental pollution. However, there are no technical indicators for harmful substances in the current sofa standards in China, which has led the relevant departments to deal with this. There is no standard for complaints or disputes, and problems related to consumer complaints cannot be satisfactorily resolved.
5, seat collapse
The collapse of the seat surface after a period of use of the sofa is also a problem that consumers often complain about, especially the sofas used in entertainment venues such as KTV. The author analyzes the main reasons for the collapse of the sofa seat surface for the following reasons:
1) In order to reduce costs, individual companies use low-quality foams, bandages and snake springs in the production process, resulting in permanent compression deformation of the sofa after a period of use, loose bandage, loss of elasticity of the snake spring stretch, sofa The seat surface showed a significant collapse.
2) Individual companies cut corners during the production process of sofas. Commonly, the number of bandages and springs is reduced, and low-density foams are used. These conditions can cause the sofa to collapse during use.
3) Individual companies do not fully consider their use, intensity and frequency of production when producing sofas. The sofa is used in different occasions, and its frequency of use and intensity of use are very different. That is to say, the sofa used in entertainment places such as the karaoke hall is more frequently used and the impact and load on the seat surface are more than the family and office space. It is bigger, so it is more demanding in terms of mechanical properties, especially in durability projects than in home and office sofas. Because the current sofa standard does not distinguish between its use and test level, the general enterprise considers these differences. Not enough, this is the main reason for the quality problems such as the collapse of sofas in entertainment venues such as KTV.
Related reading: The advantages and disadvantages of leather sofas and whether they can be refurbished into fabric sofas
There are several reasons for the quality problems of sofa product inspection and consumer complaints:
1. Because the production process of the sofa is relatively simple, the equipment investment is small, the personnel and places have no special requirements, and the entry threshold is low, so the production level, quality control and personnel quality of the enterprises are quite different. The use of low-cost inferior raw and auxiliary materials driven by individual companies or the cutting-edge reduction in the production of sofas is one of the main reasons for the unqualified quality of sofas.
2. The company's quality awareness is weak, and it pays insufficient attention to product quality and related standards. Most enterprises lack corresponding quality inspection equipment and inspection personnel, and there is no perfect quality management system and procedures. The original and attached materials purchased are not quality checked, and the finished products are not factory tested. This is another reason for the product failure.
3, the current sofa product standards are not perfect, the standard formulation does not well combine the actual production and use of the sofa. For example, some sofas use wood-based materials such as wood-based panels and adhesives in production. However, there are no regulations on the harmful substances in sofas in the standard. In addition, the standard does not fully consider the frequency of use and the intensity of use due to the different use of the sofa. There are big differences.
How to promote the improvement of the quality of the sofa?
1. Speed ​​up the revision of the current standards of the sofa, and the indicators should be better combined with the actual situation. It is recommended to increase the amount of formaldehyde emission from sofas and the limit of harmful substances such as organic volatiles. In addition, the durability test of sofas should be revised to distinguish the technical indicators of sofas used in different places. When formulating this technical index, the use and use of sofas should be fully considered. The crowd, the frequency of use, and the use of the sofa under overload conditions. Only a perfect, high-level product standard can guide the production of the enterprise, which is more conducive to the improvement of the product quality of the enterprise.
2. Strengthen government supervision. The government functional departments shall conduct regular or irregular quality supervision and spot checks on sofa products in the field of production and circulation, and publicize the sofas and production enterprises that have passed the quality inspection, and the sofas and enterprises that fail the quality inspection shall be handled according to the supervision and spot checks. The relevant provisions of the relevant rectification, review and exposure, punishment, and truly achieve the purpose of helping the superior and inferior, improve product quality.
3. Enterprises should improve their quality awareness, establish the control of raw materials and the factory inspection system of finished products; strengthen the tracking and learning of product standards, continuously optimize the production process of sofas, improve production equipment, improve the quality of personnel; at the same time, it should establish effective quality control. Long-term mechanism.
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