3.2.6.3 Japan
Japan’s management of PSP tableware had also been considered banned in the 1980’s. Since the 1990’s, it has tended to strengthen recycling and resource utilization. In 1991, PS was established by Japanese PSP companies (including raw material and processing industry manufacturers) (including PSPs. ) Recycling and Recycling Association (JEPSRA). Responsible for organizing the recycling of household electrical appliances, CA machine packaging materials, fish containers, vegetable and fruit boxes, and food containers used in the fresh food market, and entrusting the packaging material processing plant established by Sekisui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. to perform final processing and processing. Plaster mixed materials, soil conditioners or as recycled materials, processed into spring products. In 2001, the proportion of recycled EPS was 37.8% for regrind granulation, 22.3% for thermal energy, and 60.1% in total, achieving the target requirement of 86%.
3.2.6.4 Korea
South Korea has paid more attention to the management and recycling of plastic waste, and has successively formulated a number of laws and regulations: In 1979, the "Synthetic Resin Waste Disposal Act" was established, in 1991 the Waste Management Act, 1992, "to promote resource conservation and re The "Utilization Act" and "Agreement on Commodity Packaging Methods and Packaging Materials Standards for Producing Packaging Waste" prohibits the use of hard-to-decompose packaging materials and the use of PSP as a shock-proof packaging material for toys, gifts, etc. , PSP laminated materials and coating materials may not be used as packaging materials. ... "Environmental Conservation and Reuse of the Law" stipulates that EPS, PSP packaging wastes must be classified and stored, and the EPS recovery ratio must meet the requirements of large enterprises. %, SMEs reach 30%. The law was amended in 2002, mainly adding tax collection and mandatory recycling content: tax collectors and importers of products, materials, packaging containers, and importers that are not easily recoverable, and required them to make mandatory recovery of the main production products. The aforementioned taxable commodities include PSP instant noodle bowls, agricultural trays, seafood, livestock products and snack boxes.
South Korea's total EPS consumption in 2001 was 228,165 tons, waste generated was 20,963 tons, recovery amount was 27,252 tons, and the recovery rate was 53.5%.
South Korea remanufactured for general PSP tableware, but it was not limited to packaging such as cup noodles and export products. In 2000 consumption was 35kt.
3.2.6.5 Taiwan Province of China
In 1989, the PSP manufacturer in Taiwan Province of China established the PSP Product Committee under the Taiwan Plastics Industry Association and planned for various recycling operations. In 1990, 16 PSP sheet manufacturers jointly established the “Green Conservation Foundationâ€. Responsible for the recycling of PSP disposable tableware and the development of recycling technologies.
In 1991, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Taiwan Province established the "Waste Disposal Act," which included the PSP in the control program and required a certain recovery rate. In 1992, the “Principles for prohibiting the use of PSP food packaging containers in government schools†was formulated. With the expansion of recycling operations, this regulation was lifted in 1994. And modify it for recycling to regulate its use conditions.
In 1991, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Taiwan Province established the Waste Disposal Act, which included PSP cutlery in a controlled project, requiring a certain percentage of recovery after use. In 1992, laws and regulations for the "Prohibition of the Use of PSP Food Packaging Points in Institutional Schools" were established. With the smooth development of the recycling business, the regulation was lifted in 1994, and was amended to standardize its use conditions by recycling.
Taiwan's PSP recycling has been recovering for more than 10 years since 1992, and the recycling system has been continuously improved, and a related recycling system has been established. Since 1997, the government of Taiwan has incorporated privately-owned recycling operations into the official recycling system. The “Green Life Foundation†will be transferred to the “Resources Recovery Management Fund Management Committee†under the EPA to increase recycling efficiency and orderly. management. In 2001, a total of nearly 29.1kt of PSP was discarded.
Since the 1990s, Taiwan’s request for the ban on PSP has continued and the cost of recycling and recycling has increased. In 1997, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency amended the contents of the “Clean Wastes Act,†adding “for materials that may cause serious pollution, or "Products can be prohibited from using or restricting the use of" provisions. The bill has been passed. At present, the EPA is implementing the regulation of PSP tableware in phases. The first phase was first implemented in various agencies and schools in April 2003. The second phase was expanded to various business sites and supermarkets on the 1st of 2004. The regulation of PSP in the above bills is only limited by the regulations and conditions, and it is not completely prohibited. Despite this, it has not yet been implemented seriously.
3.2.6.6 China
From 1997 to 1998 in China, the State Environmental Protection Administration issued regulations to strengthen the recycling of plastic packaging waste, but it has not been implemented due to various reasons. In 1999, the former State Economic and Trade Commission issued the Order No. 6 requesting the elimination of PSP disposable plastic tableware before the end of 2000. Before and after this, Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chongqing, Wuhan, Xi’an and other cities have successively introduced bans and enforcement. Schedule, but for various reasons. Policies are difficult to implement. PSP cutlery is still found everywhere in many urban markets. Even the ban is equal to the white ban. In many cities, the Shanghai approach is more pragmatic and effective. Shanghai learned from the experience of foreign countries in combination with the specific conditions of the city and issued the People's Government Order No. 84 in 2000. It proposed the principles of “source control, recycling, gradual prohibition, and encouragement of substitution†for the management of disposable plastic lunch boxes and began implementation. “Interim Measures for Disposable Plastic Lunch Boxesâ€, according to the principles of environmental management of who is responsible for pollution and who is responsible for it, the administrative department will charge a pollution fee of 3 cents each to the manufacturer, which will be used as the labor fee for the recovery payer, transportation, management and enforcement. Fees and waste lunch box processing fees (each 1 cent), collectively referred to as the "3 cents project in Shanghai," Shanghai's current recycling rate has reached 60%, and over the past five years, 900 million disposable plastic lunch boxes have been recovered, or about 5,785 tons, yielding results. Significant.
In order to ensure recycling, Shanghai has established an effective recycling network. Six PSP dishware manufacturers in Shanghai and Kunshan jointly raised 4 million yuan to establish Kunshan Baoluyuan Recycling Co., Ltd. The company, together with the Putuo District Waste Comprehensive Utilization Center, is responsible for the recycling and recycling of PSP lunch boxes in Shanghai. At present, the price per ton of recycled raw materials has increased to more than 3,000 yuan with the soaring price of new materials, but it is only about 1/3 of the new material. The recycled materials are mainly used for processing into various building materials, CD packaging shells, and air conditioning filters. , raincoats, buckles, cultural equipment, etc., have emerged in short supply.
Beijing is one of the earliest cities to formulate laws and regulations for the recycling and use of PSP dishes. As early as 1997, the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau and the Bureau of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the “Notice on the Recycling of Discarded Disposable Plastic Meal Boxesâ€, and requested that the recycling rate must reach 30% in 1998 and 50% in 1999. Reach 60% of environmental protection requirements.
In order to comply with the implementation of government decrees, in 1997 Beijing 6 PSP tableware manufacturers jointly organized “Beijing Fusheng Environmental Protection Technology Company†and formulated a corresponding recycling plan. In Beijing, 8 recycling bins were first established, after 4 years of Operation and continuous improvement, but also by the requirements of the implementation of the policy was reduced to three recycling stations. Another recycling fee is based on the principle of “who is polluting and who administers it.†All costs related to recycling work are entirely borne by the manufacturer.
In order to increase the recycling capacity of PSP, in 1999, 6 PSP tableware companies invested 730,000 U.S. dollars, and established Beijing Green Green Plastic Recycling Co., Ltd., which has introduced large-scale reprocessing equipment from Taiwan and added sewage treatment systems. The discharge water meets the standard requirements, the monthly treatment capacity of the device is about 150 to 180 tons, and the rate of recycled pellets is more than 60%. The recycled pellets are mainly used for making plastic flower boxes, culture and living utensils, and plastic building materials." From 1998 to 2001, over the past three years, through the joint cooperation between the government and enterprises, the recovery work has been carried out smoothly. The recovery system has gradually become systematic, standardized, and large-scale. More than 4,200 tons of recycled materials have been produced, and the recovery rate has stabilized at around 60%. The quality of recycled pellets is relatively stable, the price is moderate, and the normal sales effect is significant.
In 1999, the Beijing Municipal People's Government issued the 25th order “Measures for the Administration of Sales and Use of Plastic Bags and Disposable Tableware in Beijing Municipalityâ€, requiring that sales and use be prohibited at railway stations, long-distance bus stations, civilized scenic spots in the capital, airports, and restaurants. Disposable foam tableware...
In recent years, due to the contradiction between Beijing's recycling and restriction policies and the National No. 6 Order, the recycling and recycling operations that have been carried out for many years and are no longer supported by the government are in a state of basic suspension. Idle, workers laid off.
From the analysis of the laws and regulations concerning recycling of PSP dishes at home and abroad, the following trends and implications can be seen:
(1) After PSP cutlery regulations were banned at home and abroad, after implementation, they found that there were many problems, they were difficult to implement, and they were not able to solve the environmental problems well. Some of them were removed, and some were limited or partially disabled. Some of them did not comply with the law of market development and they did not comply with it. They became a piece of paper and lost public credibility and binding force.
(2) PSP cutlery Despite some difficulties in the practical operation of recycling, from experience in Shanghai and Beijing, as long as the concept of “circular economy†is followed, strengthen guidance and cooperation in all aspects, especially based on “who is polluting, who The principle of "governance", most PSP tableware manufacturers are willing to pay pollution fees, PSP tableware can be recycled, and can get better economic and social benefits. And only to strengthen the recycling of PSP tableware recycling, can enhance its market vitality and competitiveness.
Japan’s management of PSP tableware had also been considered banned in the 1980’s. Since the 1990’s, it has tended to strengthen recycling and resource utilization. In 1991, PS was established by Japanese PSP companies (including raw material and processing industry manufacturers) (including PSPs. ) Recycling and Recycling Association (JEPSRA). Responsible for organizing the recycling of household electrical appliances, CA machine packaging materials, fish containers, vegetable and fruit boxes, and food containers used in the fresh food market, and entrusting the packaging material processing plant established by Sekisui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. to perform final processing and processing. Plaster mixed materials, soil conditioners or as recycled materials, processed into spring products. In 2001, the proportion of recycled EPS was 37.8% for regrind granulation, 22.3% for thermal energy, and 60.1% in total, achieving the target requirement of 86%.
3.2.6.4 Korea
South Korea has paid more attention to the management and recycling of plastic waste, and has successively formulated a number of laws and regulations: In 1979, the "Synthetic Resin Waste Disposal Act" was established, in 1991 the Waste Management Act, 1992, "to promote resource conservation and re The "Utilization Act" and "Agreement on Commodity Packaging Methods and Packaging Materials Standards for Producing Packaging Waste" prohibits the use of hard-to-decompose packaging materials and the use of PSP as a shock-proof packaging material for toys, gifts, etc. , PSP laminated materials and coating materials may not be used as packaging materials. ... "Environmental Conservation and Reuse of the Law" stipulates that EPS, PSP packaging wastes must be classified and stored, and the EPS recovery ratio must meet the requirements of large enterprises. %, SMEs reach 30%. The law was amended in 2002, mainly adding tax collection and mandatory recycling content: tax collectors and importers of products, materials, packaging containers, and importers that are not easily recoverable, and required them to make mandatory recovery of the main production products. The aforementioned taxable commodities include PSP instant noodle bowls, agricultural trays, seafood, livestock products and snack boxes.
South Korea's total EPS consumption in 2001 was 228,165 tons, waste generated was 20,963 tons, recovery amount was 27,252 tons, and the recovery rate was 53.5%.
South Korea remanufactured for general PSP tableware, but it was not limited to packaging such as cup noodles and export products. In 2000 consumption was 35kt.
3.2.6.5 Taiwan Province of China
In 1989, the PSP manufacturer in Taiwan Province of China established the PSP Product Committee under the Taiwan Plastics Industry Association and planned for various recycling operations. In 1990, 16 PSP sheet manufacturers jointly established the “Green Conservation Foundationâ€. Responsible for the recycling of PSP disposable tableware and the development of recycling technologies.
In 1991, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Taiwan Province established the "Waste Disposal Act," which included the PSP in the control program and required a certain recovery rate. In 1992, the “Principles for prohibiting the use of PSP food packaging containers in government schools†was formulated. With the expansion of recycling operations, this regulation was lifted in 1994. And modify it for recycling to regulate its use conditions.
In 1991, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Taiwan Province established the Waste Disposal Act, which included PSP cutlery in a controlled project, requiring a certain percentage of recovery after use. In 1992, laws and regulations for the "Prohibition of the Use of PSP Food Packaging Points in Institutional Schools" were established. With the smooth development of the recycling business, the regulation was lifted in 1994, and was amended to standardize its use conditions by recycling.
Taiwan's PSP recycling has been recovering for more than 10 years since 1992, and the recycling system has been continuously improved, and a related recycling system has been established. Since 1997, the government of Taiwan has incorporated privately-owned recycling operations into the official recycling system. The “Green Life Foundation†will be transferred to the “Resources Recovery Management Fund Management Committee†under the EPA to increase recycling efficiency and orderly. management. In 2001, a total of nearly 29.1kt of PSP was discarded.
Since the 1990s, Taiwan’s request for the ban on PSP has continued and the cost of recycling and recycling has increased. In 1997, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency amended the contents of the “Clean Wastes Act,†adding “for materials that may cause serious pollution, or "Products can be prohibited from using or restricting the use of" provisions. The bill has been passed. At present, the EPA is implementing the regulation of PSP tableware in phases. The first phase was first implemented in various agencies and schools in April 2003. The second phase was expanded to various business sites and supermarkets on the 1st of 2004. The regulation of PSP in the above bills is only limited by the regulations and conditions, and it is not completely prohibited. Despite this, it has not yet been implemented seriously.
3.2.6.6 China
From 1997 to 1998 in China, the State Environmental Protection Administration issued regulations to strengthen the recycling of plastic packaging waste, but it has not been implemented due to various reasons. In 1999, the former State Economic and Trade Commission issued the Order No. 6 requesting the elimination of PSP disposable plastic tableware before the end of 2000. Before and after this, Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chongqing, Wuhan, Xi’an and other cities have successively introduced bans and enforcement. Schedule, but for various reasons. Policies are difficult to implement. PSP cutlery is still found everywhere in many urban markets. Even the ban is equal to the white ban. In many cities, the Shanghai approach is more pragmatic and effective. Shanghai learned from the experience of foreign countries in combination with the specific conditions of the city and issued the People's Government Order No. 84 in 2000. It proposed the principles of “source control, recycling, gradual prohibition, and encouragement of substitution†for the management of disposable plastic lunch boxes and began implementation. “Interim Measures for Disposable Plastic Lunch Boxesâ€, according to the principles of environmental management of who is responsible for pollution and who is responsible for it, the administrative department will charge a pollution fee of 3 cents each to the manufacturer, which will be used as the labor fee for the recovery payer, transportation, management and enforcement. Fees and waste lunch box processing fees (each 1 cent), collectively referred to as the "3 cents project in Shanghai," Shanghai's current recycling rate has reached 60%, and over the past five years, 900 million disposable plastic lunch boxes have been recovered, or about 5,785 tons, yielding results. Significant.
In order to ensure recycling, Shanghai has established an effective recycling network. Six PSP dishware manufacturers in Shanghai and Kunshan jointly raised 4 million yuan to establish Kunshan Baoluyuan Recycling Co., Ltd. The company, together with the Putuo District Waste Comprehensive Utilization Center, is responsible for the recycling and recycling of PSP lunch boxes in Shanghai. At present, the price per ton of recycled raw materials has increased to more than 3,000 yuan with the soaring price of new materials, but it is only about 1/3 of the new material. The recycled materials are mainly used for processing into various building materials, CD packaging shells, and air conditioning filters. , raincoats, buckles, cultural equipment, etc., have emerged in short supply.
Beijing is one of the earliest cities to formulate laws and regulations for the recycling and use of PSP dishes. As early as 1997, the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau and the Bureau of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the “Notice on the Recycling of Discarded Disposable Plastic Meal Boxesâ€, and requested that the recycling rate must reach 30% in 1998 and 50% in 1999. Reach 60% of environmental protection requirements.
In order to comply with the implementation of government decrees, in 1997 Beijing 6 PSP tableware manufacturers jointly organized “Beijing Fusheng Environmental Protection Technology Company†and formulated a corresponding recycling plan. In Beijing, 8 recycling bins were first established, after 4 years of Operation and continuous improvement, but also by the requirements of the implementation of the policy was reduced to three recycling stations. Another recycling fee is based on the principle of “who is polluting and who administers it.†All costs related to recycling work are entirely borne by the manufacturer.
In order to increase the recycling capacity of PSP, in 1999, 6 PSP tableware companies invested 730,000 U.S. dollars, and established Beijing Green Green Plastic Recycling Co., Ltd., which has introduced large-scale reprocessing equipment from Taiwan and added sewage treatment systems. The discharge water meets the standard requirements, the monthly treatment capacity of the device is about 150 to 180 tons, and the rate of recycled pellets is more than 60%. The recycled pellets are mainly used for making plastic flower boxes, culture and living utensils, and plastic building materials." From 1998 to 2001, over the past three years, through the joint cooperation between the government and enterprises, the recovery work has been carried out smoothly. The recovery system has gradually become systematic, standardized, and large-scale. More than 4,200 tons of recycled materials have been produced, and the recovery rate has stabilized at around 60%. The quality of recycled pellets is relatively stable, the price is moderate, and the normal sales effect is significant.
In 1999, the Beijing Municipal People's Government issued the 25th order “Measures for the Administration of Sales and Use of Plastic Bags and Disposable Tableware in Beijing Municipalityâ€, requiring that sales and use be prohibited at railway stations, long-distance bus stations, civilized scenic spots in the capital, airports, and restaurants. Disposable foam tableware...
In recent years, due to the contradiction between Beijing's recycling and restriction policies and the National No. 6 Order, the recycling and recycling operations that have been carried out for many years and are no longer supported by the government are in a state of basic suspension. Idle, workers laid off.
From the analysis of the laws and regulations concerning recycling of PSP dishes at home and abroad, the following trends and implications can be seen:
(1) After PSP cutlery regulations were banned at home and abroad, after implementation, they found that there were many problems, they were difficult to implement, and they were not able to solve the environmental problems well. Some of them were removed, and some were limited or partially disabled. Some of them did not comply with the law of market development and they did not comply with it. They became a piece of paper and lost public credibility and binding force.
(2) PSP cutlery Despite some difficulties in the practical operation of recycling, from experience in Shanghai and Beijing, as long as the concept of “circular economy†is followed, strengthen guidance and cooperation in all aspects, especially based on “who is polluting, who The principle of "governance", most PSP tableware manufacturers are willing to pay pollution fees, PSP tableware can be recycled, and can get better economic and social benefits. And only to strengthen the recycling of PSP tableware recycling, can enhance its market vitality and competitiveness.
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