The researchers surveyed 19,000 older women between the ages of 70 and 81 and classified them according to the air pollution at their place of residence. Women who lived in polluted environments were exposed to polluted air for 7 to 14 years. It was found that the cognitive decline of older women who lived in areas with severe air pollution for a long time was significantly higher than that of areas with low pollution levels.
The study yielded an unexpected result. Previously, it was thought that coarse particles (PM10) with a diameter of 2.5 to 10 microns had a slightly lesser impact on people's health than fine particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). For example, previous studies found that PM2.5 is easier to wear. Through the human body's defense system, they can enter the bloodstream from the lungs and even enter the brain through the axon nodes of the olfactory nerve. But the study found that the effects of coarse and fine particle contaminants on people's cognitive abilities are similar.
Another study targeting car exhaust (a significant source of PM2.5) and 680 older men also found that older men exposed to car exhaust for long periods of time had less cognitive sensitivities to older men exposed to car exhaust. The decline is more intense - equivalent to 2 years of aging.
More and more studies have shown that air pollution may have an important impact on Alzheimer's disease, because patients will show signs of reduced cognitive ability for a long time before the onset of Alzheimer's disease. If air pollution is proven to cause cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, this will point the way to intervention in Alzheimer's.
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