The history of rock climbing
According to different geomorphological features, climbing technology can be divided into two major categories of rock operations and ice and snow operations. Among them, climbing techniques for rock and cliffs are referred to as rock climbing techniques. Rock climbing has also been hailed as "the ballet on the rock."
The development of rock climbing technology has a history of more than 100 years. As early as 1865, Edvart, the founder of the British mountaineer and rock climbing movement, successfully climbed a dangerous peak with simple steel cones, iron locks and climbing ropes. In 1890, British mountaineer Marmeri improved the climbing tools, invented steel wedges and wire ladders for climbing wedges, and various climbing rope knots, which pushed rock climbing technology to a new stage.
However, all kinds of difficult climbing competitions occurred only in the late 1950s and early 1960s. At that time, some local sports associations and the military in the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union took the lead in starting a trial climbing competition and gradually developed into an all-Soviet competition. In September 1974, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia’s mountaineering organization launched the first “International Rock climbing Championship†in Crimea in the Soviet Union. 213 players from 12 countries including the United Kingdom, Democratic Germany, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, the United States, and Japan. Participated in the competition. Since then, the International Mountaineering Association has decided to hold an "International Rock climbing Tournament" once a year. There are individual climbing competitions, personal parallel time trials and team climbing competitions.
Since 1987, China has held five national climbing competitions. The competition includes men's and women's singles climbing competitions, double-group climbing competitions and artificial rock climbing competitions. But whatever kind of competition is based on rock climbing technology has developed. Rock climbing technology can also be applied to a wide range of fields such as scientific investigation, engineering technology, fire protection, and construction. To carry out this campaign not only has low expenditures, but also has simple equipment. It is also characterized by difficulties, risks, newness, and competitiveness and practicality.
The basic method of rock climbing
The three-point fixing method is the basic method of rock climbing. The essentials are: There are certain requirements for posture and movement of various parts of the body.
Body posture
When climbing a rocky cliff, the body should relax naturally and stabilize the body's center of gravity with three pivot points, and the center of gravity must move with the change of the climbing action. This is the key to the stability, balance, and labor saving of rock climbing. In order to relax the body, it is necessary to maintain a certain distance between the body and the rock wall according to the steepness of the rock wall. If it is too close, the climbing route and the fulcrum will be affected. However, it is very close when climbing artificial rock walls. When climbing on the natural rock wall, the upper and lower limbs should coordinate and stretch. The disk must have a rhythm. Pulling up and down the board must be done at the same time. The body center of gravity must fall on the foot, keep facing the rock wall, fix the three-point support, and stand upright. Rock wall, three-point fixed support, climbing posture erected on the rock wall.
Arm movement
The hand is the key to grasping the fulcrum and maintaining the balance of the body during the climb. The strength of the arm directly affects the quality and effectiveness of the climb. Therefore, an excellent rock climber must have sufficient finger strength, wrist strength, and arm strength. For beginners, the movement of the hand wall becomes more important in the absence of full use of lower limb strength. How the arm is hard, the situation is different when the artificial rock wall climbs and the natural rock wall climbs. The former requires the first knuckle to tighten the fulcrum forcefully, the wrist should be tense, the palm should be stuck on the rock wall, and the small arm should be hand tight. The wall is drooping, and in the pull-up, the finger (holding point) has a downward pressure and arm-raising action. The law of motion is that the center-of-gravity movement trajectory does not change much, and the rhythm is more pronounced. However, when climbing a natural rock wall, its movement changes greatly. According to the fulcrum, various types of force methods are used, such as grasping, holding, hanging, boring, boring, pinching, pulling, pushing and supporting.
Foot movements
The key to a good climber's climbing technique is whether the power of the two legs can be fully utilized. Climbing by arm strength alone cannot last long. The main action of the foot is to rotate the legs outwards, with the inside of the big toe close to the rock face, and the legs to be flexed slightly, and to maintain the center of gravity with the foot on the fulcrum. In the case of different sizes and directions of the natural rock wall fulcrums, flexible use is required. However, it must be remembered that the knee should not touch the surface of the rock, otherwise it will affect the support of the foot and the balance of the body, and it may even cause slipping and injury to the knee. In addition, when using your foot on the fulcrum, do not use too much force, and you must grasp the direction of force.
Hands and feet
For elite rock climbers, the upper and lower limb forces are coordinated. For beginners or technically inexperienced athletes, upper limb strength appears to be more important. When climbing, it is often the upper limbs that pull the limbs. If the upper limb is poor in strength, it can easily fatigue when climbing, manifested as weakness in the arm, aching and numbness, and gradually losing gripping ability. After losing the ability to grasp, even with good lower limb strength, it is difficult to maintain balance. Therefore, to learn rock climbing, we must first practice upper body strength. The upper limbs should also be based on the fingers, wrists, and arm strength. Together with the strength of the ankles, toes, and legs, the center of gravity of the body should be coordinated and moved in accordance with the direction of exertion. The cooperation of hands and feet is also comfortable.
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