Gao Dengyi: User Hello everyone!
Moderator: Editor Zhang Zhixiong.
Zhang Zhixiong: Hello, everybody.
Moderator: Mr. Wu Zhenhua, a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Names of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping.
Wu Zhenhua: Everyone is friendly.
The three guests were pictured in the Sina chat room (from left to right, Zhang Zhixiong, Gao Dengyi, and Wu Zhenhua.)
Moderator: Recently, the cover article of "China Science Adventure" has raised a very interesting question - 8848. Everyone knows that the altitude of Mount Everest is 8848 meters. The exact height was measured by the Chinese in 1975, but Mr. Gao Dengyi recently discovered that prior to this, the Indians measured the height of 8848 in 1954 and was once widely References. This is how it happened. Please ask Mr. Gao Dengyi to speak to us.
Gao Dengyi: Everest's height of 8,848 meters is something that Chinese people knew when they were small. After we measured in 1975, we released to the world in October 1975 a scientific data that was considered the most up-to-date at that time. I think there is no doubt about this. of. I found another 8848 when I wrote an Everest book last year. Mr. Xu is the authoritative authority of our country. He mentioned in the book of 1960 that the height of Mount Everest was 8848. I was surprised. So I went into a variety of investigations and demanded that the magazine “China Science Adventure†take these questions. To study exactly what the problem is, so the 8848 question is proposed.
Moderator: We all know that 8848 was measured by the Chinese people themselves, and this data was very accurate at the time. However, from your findings, this data was not originally Chinese but was measured by Indians.
Gao Dengyi: We can't say this. We are now asking questions. After a long investigation by Zhang Zhixiong and after visiting some scientists, we look at it this way. In 1975, the height of national surveying and mapping was 8848. From the present point of view, no matter how scientific it is, whether it was the means we measured at the time, it should be advanced. But what about the other 8848?
In 1954, the Indians had measured the height of 8848 on the southern slope, and also measured the height. After our State Administration of Social Affairs released this height in 1975, the announcement of this height should also mention that people have measured this height in history. However, we can point out that the altitude measured by India is different from ours. First, they measured from the top of Mount Everest, including the thickness of ice and snow. Second, they did not set up a bid on the top of Mount Everest, so it was impossible to be accurate and scientifically we exceeded them. However, it is regrettable that we did not raise this issue. From this point of view, it is not rigorous scientifically.
Moderator: Indians have measured a height of approximately 8848. In the Chinese scientific community, you just mentioned that you may even find yourself surprised. Do you think this Indian figure is not known to us, not even to the academic world? As many people know, do you have any ideas for this phenomenon?
Gao Dengyi: This phenomenon is relatively closed to our country for some time and it is not related to the full international exchange. However, with our country’s reform and opening up, this phenomenon should change.
Netizen: I would like to know that Mount Everest is so high, 8,848 meters. To make accurate measurements on it, how did the entire process proceed? We ordinary people are not able to imagine how this work should be carried out?
Gao Dengyi: In 1975, when I was at the Everest Base Camp, according to the teammates who saw me at the time, they were mapping and I directed them to do so. First of all, they were backed by a national climber and put a 3.5-meter triangle on the top of Mount Everest and measured it on top of Mount Everest. In this way, our country's top workers advanced to ten hills ahead of time, waiting there, setting up tripods and surveying ten points. This was their first job.
The second work they had taken from the sea level to make a basic point before continuing to measure the height of Mount Everest is a must.
The third uses the temperature data of our weather group radio to calculate the atmospheric optical refraction for us to measure because we have inaccurate measurements after refraction and see how much the refractive index effect, and finally they use this to accurately calculate this data. In addition, the climbers looked at the height of the ice at the peak. At that time, it was estimated that the thickness must be 95 meters. It was estimated. Therefore, subtracting this thickness and eliminating the influence of refraction, 8848.13 was measured. This is what I think is the most accurate.
Zhang Zhixiong: I added a few words to the outsider about this measurement method. Although I was not studying geography during the survey, I studied history, but as the editor of the responsibilities of the geographical magazine, the author of this article, the basic I also made some arguments for peak measurement. There are three main methods for vigorously measuring:
The first is the most primitive triangulation method, using geometrical principles, optical convergence through right angles. That is to say, when we visually measure the height of an object, it is generally based on the angle of sunlight and two straight edges, a straight edge and a hypotenuse, and the length of one side is used to calculate the height of the other side. At the peak, there are two conditions that must be met to be accurate:
First, the summit must be accurate. Second, the starting point of altitude elevation as close as possible, these two points in 1975 when we completely did it. But twenty-one years ago, in 1954, they did not establish this quotation on the top of the mountain. We try it. We look at the peak at the foot of the mountain. You look at the peak inconsistency from different angles, so that you have ten or more points. The time of convergence is not a point, so you are sure to have errors. According to my understanding that during the 54 years when the Indians measured the altitude of Everest, his error reached 5 meters, which should be more than 14 times our error of 0.36 meters. In this error condition, he still has an error that is atmospheric refraction. You converge on the top of the mountain through an optical angle. The atmosphere itself has a refraction coefficient of light. Just now Professor Gao spoke about why scientists passed atmospheric physics. To provide the refractive index, the most basic method of atmospheric measurement is triangulation. There are many errors in the 75-year motion method, including the refraction of the air when the laser converges, and the interference of gravity, which we have for 75 years. The time has been foreseen, and it has been corrected.
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