We are in an era of electronic information. Traditional print media are gradually being replaced by emerging electronic media. Information on CD-ROM discs, WWW pages, e-books, LCDs, and LED media has become an important source of information in people’s lives. We accept Among the sources of information, the proportion of electronic information is increasing. For today's information media, although electronic media information has a variety of lively expressions in terms of content, it is fast in publishing, updating, and publishing. However, in terms of reading methods, people are not very accustomed to them, and they are not familiar with print media. There are many inconvenient places for comparison, especially when reading a lot of text. Due to prolonged exposure to light, eye strain can easily occur. In addition, reading of electronic information requires specialized hardware and energy, and the size and weight of the electronic information are relatively high. Inconvenient, it brings many limitations to reading and cannot be read anywhere, anytime like a book. To this end, people are striving to find an electronic media that can be similar to paper, allowing people to read information at any time, and is easy to carry, without special hardware equipment and consuming much energy.
In January 2002, E Ink announced that E Ink, TOPPAN, and Philips have jointly developed the world's thinnest, refreshable, portable paper-like array display media-electronic ink display media material. The material is only half thicker than a credit card, and its weight and thickness are less than half that of conventional LCDs. The display material has good flexibility, can display color information with high resolution, and is particularly suitable for mobile display and portability. The core technology of this material is electronic ink technology. The basic unit for displaying information is electronic ink.
Electronic ink A special type of ink that is printed on a treated base material and has a diameter of only the size of the hair, and is made of microcapsules. In a microcapsule there are many positively charged white particles and negatively charged black particles. Positive and negatively charged particles are distributed in the transparent liquid within the microcapsules. When the microcapsules are positively charged, positively charged particles gather on the side that is visible to the observer, which is shown as white; when negatively charged, the negatively charged black particles gather on the side that the observer can see. It looks like black. These particles are controlled by the positioning of the electric field, ie the position at which the color is displayed is controlled by an electric field, which is generated by the backplane with a high-resolution display array.
The manufacturing process of the paper-array electronic ink display media tool can be divided into:
1. Coating of electronic ink
First, the electronic ink is uniformly printed onto a conductive transparent plastic substrate. That is, the microcapsule-colored particles are suspended and dispersed in a liquid medium to form an ink in a general sense, and then printed on a plastic sheet by a screen printing method.
As with plastic sheets, various surfaces, such as fibers, glass, and even paper, can become substrates for electronic inks, form an information display medium, and expand the range of information media.
2. Adhere plastic sheets printed with electronic ink to a base plate
When sticking, first apply a layer of adhesive on the plastic sheet, and then roll it with a roller to make the plastic sheet evenly adhere to the bottom plate. A pre-laminated plate (FPL) with electronic ink is formed. The backplane has a high-resolution display array whose circuitry is controlled by the display software to form graphics composed of pixels.
There are no formal products for paper-like arrays of electronic ink display materials. E INK expects to officially launch real products in 2004.
The characteristics of the paper-array electronic ink display materials are as follows:
1. The display resolution is high, information can be displayed at any resolution, the best resolution is 125ppi.
2. Many colors, stable image quality. The color electronic ink display tool can display 4096 colors.
3. Low energy consumption.
Compared with the display technology LCD and LED, which were previously easy to read, the energy consumption of electronic ink is much lower. Figure 3 shows the comparison of energy consumption of several display media. It can be seen that the electronic ink has very little energy consumption. This directly leads to the electronic ink display using a small battery, so that the display media is lighter and thinner, and Lower price.
The reasons for the low energy consumption of such electronic ink display media include:
It is a kind of completely reflective reading medium and does not require a background light. Unlike display media such as computer monitors and LCDs, it is light to express graphic and text information, and light is generated by relying on electric energy.
Once the electronic ink is displayed on the display panel, they will keep the information content in a stable display state until the next display page is updated. In order to maintain a stable display of page information, display media such as computer displays and LCDs need to be constantly supplied with electric power in order to emit light for display. In this way, the advantage of electronic ink is that it consumes not the amount of display time but the number of page updates.
4. Paper-like, strong readability
We know that the best reading medium is paper because it displays graphic text by reflecting light and can be read under a wide range of lighting conditions and within a wide range of angles. The coloring media of the paper-array electronic ink display tool and the color media of the paper print are all inks, and the background color thereof is also white. When reading, the color is not displayed by the direct light, and these conditions and the paper reading material are basically it's the same. Therefore, it is as good readability as paper.
When reading, it is judged whether the readability is good or bad, and it can be evaluated by the reflectivity and graphic contrast of the white state. The reflectivity of the white state reflects the intensity of the light reflected from the human eye compared to the standard white, and the contrast between the graphic and the text shows the ease with which the human eye can distinguish between graphic and text. Experiments show that these two indicators of the paper-like array of electronic ink display tools and paper prints are closer, much higher than the LCD, LED. The specific values ​​are shown in Table 1. It can also be seen from the table that the contrast of paper-like array electronic ink display tools is even higher than that of newspapers.
The measurement condition is that the light is directly irradiated from the top of the head at 45° on the display medium, and the measurement angle is 0°, which is equivalent to the state that the reader directly reads.
5. Strong, easy to carry, not broken
Since no glass material is used as a display panel, a plastic material with flexibility and toughness is substituted to make the display media more robust, and it also has good portability, and can be carried around and read like a book.
6. Easy to read information
Because it is convenient to carry and does not consume much power, the electronic ink display media can be read like a book under ordinary daylight conditions, and the user can read information anytime anywhere.
7. Light and thin
Compared with liquid crystal display LCDs, electronic ink display media is thinner and lighter. As shown in Figure 4, a typical LCD is sandwiched between two layers of glass by a thin layer of liquid crystal. Each layer of the two layers of glass has a thickness of 0.7mm, plus two layers of polarizing filter film close to the person on the glass, two layers. The film is about 0.5 mm thick, so that the resulting LCD panel has a thickness of at least 2 mm. In addition to the circuit components that make the LCD emit light, it will be thicker and heavier.
Since the electronic ink display media does not use glass material, its thickness will be less than 0.5 mm, and it may be only 0.3 mm thick. Its weight is therefore greatly reduced.
The use of electronic ink display media is as follows:
An electronic publication reader for downloading and reading books, newspapers, and publications.
Can be used for the display panel of mobile phones.
Machine, instrument display panel.
Public places announcements, billboards.
Outdoor Billboard.
Over the years, we have been saying that the print media is being impacted by electronic media. However, until today, people are still willing to read traditional prints because of the inconvenience caused by the luminescence of electronic display media to human eyes. Once this new type of electronic ink display media is introduced and popularized from the price to people's acceptable level, coupled with the corresponding electronic information content provision and marketing is very good, it will be the nightmare of the traditional print media communications industry. At least it will have a terrible impact on the field of cultural printing.
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