(1) Vacuum enrichment method Kvaerner Company recently proposed a patent application for hydrogen peroxide production method, which solved the problem that the purification efficiency of the reaction mixture in the direct hydrogen peroxide production method is not high. The reaction of the mixture takes place in an organic solvent and not in water. The reaction proceeds so that the hydrogen peroxide content is just below the saturation of hydrogen peroxide in the solvent, and the reaction mixture is then placed in vacuum to evaporate the hydrogen peroxide (but the solvent-contaminating additive does not evaporate). Hydrogen peroxide condenses into a pure hydrogen peroxide product with high concentration and low cost. Kvaerner's project is still in the pre-pilot development stage.
The reaction proceeds faster in organic solvents than in water. The initial reaction conditions were set in a scale-up reactor, the reaction time was 4-8 hours, the pressure was 25 Pa, and the temperature was 40-60°C. The composition of the gas mixture is 4% hydrogen, 10% to 20% oxygen, and the balance is nitrogen. The catalyst was 90% palladium plus 10% platinum on a carbon substrate. It is not yet clear whether the above process can be applied to existing production devices to achieve large-scale production.
(2) In-situ production method A key area of ​​current new technology for hydrogen peroxide production is the development of a small, single production unit called "in situ production." Princeton Advanced Technology Corporation (PAT), South Carolina, USA, obtained a patent for a direct hydrogen peroxide production technology in 1997. It is said that this direct production technology can save up to 50% in cost compared to indirect AQ technology. The core of PAT technology is its reactor design. This reactor allows the microbubbles to be dispersed in a controlled manner while the bubbles are surrounded by enough liquid to suppress any reaction that may be within the bubbles themselves, thus allowing oxygen and hydrogen to be safely combined. This technology requires neither the purchase of helium nor the use of flammable organic chemicals. It is very simple and the key part is the bubble flow area in the reactor. Due to the design of special reactors, existing commercial production facilities cannot be retrofitted to apply this technology.
(3) Manganese-catalyzed method The University of Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom is developing a direct method for producing hydrogen peroxide using divalent manganese ions. This technology uses air and hydroxylamine as raw materials, and its final products are hydrogen peroxide, nitrogen and water.
One of its advantages is that the reaction takes place in an aqueous solution and can be used to produce hydrogen peroxide in situ. This is an almost enzyme-like process that mimics the biochemical pathways in humans from oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, using similar co-reactants and catalysts. Hydroxylamine and oxygen are converted to hydrogen peroxide, nitrogen and water under "physiological" conditions. These conditions include temperature (20 °C) and pH (pH = 8). This process uses a montmorillonite exchanged with divalent manganese ions as a catalyst to produce a 75% (molar percent) aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in less than 1 hour. The current research focus is to clarify the characteristics of the catalyst after the reaction. In order to industrialize this technology, an alternative raw material must also be found because hydroxylamine is too expensive.
The reaction proceeds faster in organic solvents than in water. The initial reaction conditions were set in a scale-up reactor, the reaction time was 4-8 hours, the pressure was 25 Pa, and the temperature was 40-60°C. The composition of the gas mixture is 4% hydrogen, 10% to 20% oxygen, and the balance is nitrogen. The catalyst was 90% palladium plus 10% platinum on a carbon substrate. It is not yet clear whether the above process can be applied to existing production devices to achieve large-scale production.
(2) In-situ production method A key area of ​​current new technology for hydrogen peroxide production is the development of a small, single production unit called "in situ production." Princeton Advanced Technology Corporation (PAT), South Carolina, USA, obtained a patent for a direct hydrogen peroxide production technology in 1997. It is said that this direct production technology can save up to 50% in cost compared to indirect AQ technology. The core of PAT technology is its reactor design. This reactor allows the microbubbles to be dispersed in a controlled manner while the bubbles are surrounded by enough liquid to suppress any reaction that may be within the bubbles themselves, thus allowing oxygen and hydrogen to be safely combined. This technology requires neither the purchase of helium nor the use of flammable organic chemicals. It is very simple and the key part is the bubble flow area in the reactor. Due to the design of special reactors, existing commercial production facilities cannot be retrofitted to apply this technology.
(3) Manganese-catalyzed method The University of Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom is developing a direct method for producing hydrogen peroxide using divalent manganese ions. This technology uses air and hydroxylamine as raw materials, and its final products are hydrogen peroxide, nitrogen and water.
One of its advantages is that the reaction takes place in an aqueous solution and can be used to produce hydrogen peroxide in situ. This is an almost enzyme-like process that mimics the biochemical pathways in humans from oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, using similar co-reactants and catalysts. Hydroxylamine and oxygen are converted to hydrogen peroxide, nitrogen and water under "physiological" conditions. These conditions include temperature (20 °C) and pH (pH = 8). This process uses a montmorillonite exchanged with divalent manganese ions as a catalyst to produce a 75% (molar percent) aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in less than 1 hour. The current research focus is to clarify the characteristics of the catalyst after the reaction. In order to industrialize this technology, an alternative raw material must also be found because hydroxylamine is too expensive.
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