In the early two years, as long as you enter "credit card cash" on a certain treasure or a certain East Mall, there will be hundreds of pages of information about the POS machine. These merchants selling pos machines have made key slogans such as low handling fees, seconds to accounts, and a clearing machine, and can make thousands of transactions per month. The merchant type of credit card machine (the shape is similar to the bank), the price ranges from a few hundred yuan to a thousand dollars. Most of these credit card machines are launched by the top three third-party payment companies in China, and those handheld credit card machines are generally tied. The method of setting up the mobile phone client to complete the transaction, the price is only a few dollars to a dozen yuan, these credit card machines are mostly introduced by some unknown payment companies.
However, since October this year, major e-commerce malls have disappeared from the POS machine. The author tried to search for “pos machine cash†in multiple shopping malls. The result is: the goods cannot be found or according to relevant laws and regulations. Items are not displayed.
Obviously, it is illegal to cash out credit cards in the form of false transactions or returns through a third-party payment platform. However, for a long time, under the state of sluggish supervision, the merchants took the opportunity to sell a large number of cash-out pos machines to make profits. Since the beginning of this year, continuous telecom fraud has caused widespread concern. In China, the annual economic losses caused by telecom fraud are as high as hundreds of billions of yuan.
In order to prevent telecom fraud, since September, the central bank has carried out strict rectification and management of the financial system such as payment settlement, including: strengthening the management of real-name systems, selecting the transfer time, and not allowing any unit or individual to buy or sell POS machines online (including MPOS) and card readers accept terminals, establish accountability mechanisms, etc.
Domestic third-party payment development history
UnionPay, which is known to most people, was established in Shanghai in 2002. It is a state-owned enterprise. When mobile payment has not yet arisen, UnionPay payment is the most common third-party payment. However, it is not the earliest payment company in China. The earliest third-party payment company in China is a private enterprise. It was established in 1998 and mainly serves b2c e-commerce website.
With the development of the domestic Internet, the rise of e-commerce has led to the emergence of more and more third-party payments. In 2005, which was hailed as a third-party payment, Ali's Alipay and Tencent's Tenpay were established in 2005. In addition to these two, 50 third-party payment companies were established in the same year.
Although the domestic third-party payment appeared very early, but limited by market demand and environmental impact, the early development rate was extremely slow, and the official certification of third-party payment was delayed. Until 2011, the central bank only The first batch of payment licenses were officially issued, and a total of 27 payment companies were obtained. By the end of 2015, the number of companies that received payment licenses reached 267.
In terms of transaction volume, since 2009, the amount of third-party payment transactions has increased by almost 50% per year. In 2015, the third-party payment for the whole year reached 31.2 trillion yuan, an increase of about 35%.
User composition, in 2015, the number of online payment users in China has reached 416 million, which is 36.8% higher than the end of 2014. Mobile online payment, that is, mobile payment, has grown more rapidly. In 2015, the number of mobile online users reached 358 million, an increase of 64.5% over 2014.
Paying for the dilemma of the industry
With the popularity of online shopping and the rise of Internet finance, the role of third-party payment has become very important. Many e-commerce companies have begun to introduce or acquire third-party payment, which is profitable and the competition between industries has gradually increased.
In 2015, the transaction volume of Alipay + Tenpay (WeChat payment, qq payment) accounted for more than 90% of the trading share of China's third-party payment market, forming two dominant hegemonies, leaving 10% of the market share. It is owned by the remaining two hundred payment companies. In this kind of living environment, small third-party payment companies have to find another way out in order to survive, and in the supervision of blind spots or fuzzy areas, do some simulations to make a profit, such as mentioned at the beginning of the article. Issue a credit card to cash the POS machine and charge a fee to make a profit.
Since the beginning of this year, the central bank has severely cracked down on these acts and imposed penalties. As of this month, the central bank has punished a total of 22 third-party payment institutions that violated laws and regulations. The total amount of illegal proceeds was over 100 million yuan. At the same time, three payment institutions were revoked for serious violations.
The chaos of the third-party payment industry has made the supervision more stringent. In 2015, the central bank tightened the issuance of third-party licenses, and the first-tier cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen were making provisions to suspend the issuance of third-party payment licenses. One of the reasons: the industry is like a lot of chaos, and it is urgent to regulate the existing payment companies. The second reason: most of the existing payment companies are in a state of loss. Only a few companies are profitable, and the suspension of licenses can be given to existing ones. The company's certain development space, mergers and acquisitions or elimination, let the market complete the reshuffle itself, especially since the 17 ministries and commissions jointly rectified Internet finance, the reshuffle speed of the third-party payment industry seems to have accelerated.
Break through
In a difficult environment, many payment companies are trying to break through the status quo. Listing, merger, sale, payment companies to jump out of the predicament, all the way out.
Lakara, which has been seeking listing, has not yet reached a conclusion after the failure of the listing of the backdoor Tibet Tourism (600749) curve and the splitting of its business in an attempt to re-list. At present, one of the best payment companies in China is planning to go public. If successful, it will lead to polarization: richer is richer than before, and poorer, only poorer.
In the case of mergers and acquisitions, due to the prohibition of direct sale and purchase of licenses in the regulatory area, after the licenses are suspended, some companies want to obtain licenses, which can only be obtained in the form of equity acquisitions. Recently, an e-commerce platform acquired a payment company in Zhejiang for 400 million yuan. The fate of the acquisition is perhaps a better destination for the payment company.
After the license is suspended, the only deposit of the license, perhaps only to become a seller's market, lower the value, may be able to get the body to protect the body.
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