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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, and there is currently no cure, but some medications can be used to promote remyelination to reduce the recurrence of MS. A recent study published in the journal Nature Chemical Biology found that the human cell metabolite, taurine, can improve the effectiveness of MS treatment.
Our nerve cells have many dendritic nerve fibers, like the complex lines of wires, which are organized into dense and complex networks in the central nervous system. Nature is cleverly wrapped around a nerve fiber called a "myelin sheath". It not only makes the different wires not short-circuit like the plastic skin of the wire, but also accelerates the transmission of nerve signals.
When these myelin sheaths are destroyed, our nerve signals will slow down or even stop. Multiple sclerosis is caused by the loss of massive myelin in the central nervous system. Patients may experience numbness, difficulty walking, unclear speech, and decreased vision.
Taurine helps promote cell maturation
As mentioned above, the relief of MS symptoms depends on the process of remyelination. Scientists at the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have found that the combination of taurine and existing MS drugs can help stimulate the process of “myelin regenerationâ€, which repairs nerve cells from multiple sclerosis. It is important.
Dr. Luke Lairson, co-author of the study and a professor of chemistry at TSRI, said, "This may be a therapeutic mechanism."
In fact, as early as 2013, Lairson and colleagues published an article in Nature that revealed that benzotropine, a drug approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, can induce "oligodendrocyte precursor cells." Mature, it produces myelin, which helps MS patients repair damaged nerves.
Lairson's next step is to find molecules that make remyelination more effective. He therefore worked with Siuzdak to study the potential of endogenous metabolite molecules for oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Endogenous metabolites are molecules naturally produced by cells, including sugars, fatty acids and amino acids.
Cell analysis and subsequent experiments showed that the endogenous metabolite, taurine, although it could not induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation, could be used in combination with benzotropine or miconazole. The role.
"You can get more myelin." Lairson said the findings were very exciting because taurine has been shown to be safe at certain doses. We still need to test on rodents, but this is a good starting point.
Metabolomics analysis has broad application prospects
According to Dr. Gary Siuzdak, this discovery also highlights the potential of “metabolism analysisâ€, which provides unique insights into many different diseases. Scientists can use metabolomics analysis to analyze metabolic disorders in the disease and then apply this information to decipher the details.
Studies have found that the administration of specific endogenous metabolites can affect the fate and function of cells, such as taurine. This opens up new avenues for the development of new therapies for many diseases.
Siuzdak is encouraged by nearly 21,000 scientists who are currently using these labs' cloud-based XCMS / METLIN metabolomics analysis platforms for these types of research, and metabolites are playing a meaningful role.
Siuzdak said: "Unlike other omics techniques, metabolomics has the advantage that metabolites are easy to obtain, are generally inexpensive, and can quickly affect phenotypes.
“We are no longer passive observers, but active participants.â€
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