Summer vacation is the happiest time for children, but it is also a high incidence of accidental injuries for children. The death cause monitoring data of the Changsha Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention showed that accidental injury became the first cause of death for children under 14 years old in Changsha. The top three causes of injuries were traffic accidents, drowning, and accidental fall. In addition, accidental swallowing of foreign bodies, burns, accidental poisoning is also a common childhood injury event.
In response to the high incidence of accidental injuries in children in summer, Wang Xiangyun, director of the pediatrics and chief physician of Changsha First Hospital, gave precautionary measures and on-site treatment for the reference of parents.
Type of injury: traffic accident
Fractures do not move, visceral injuries need to be vigilant
[Case] ​​Recently, 9-year-old Nana and several small partners rode a shared bicycle to compete in the vicinity of the community. Nana, who was riding fast, suddenly saw a car driving on the road. She could not escape falling and hit her belly. A cement pier, suddenly abdominal pain is unbearable. He was sent to the hospital for rescue and found that the child had a liver contusion.
[Safety Tips] Parents of children should first improve their traffic safety awareness, preach and teach, and develop good traffic habits. According to the Regulations on the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law, driving a bicycle on a road must be at least 12 years of age. Children under the age of 4 should use a child safety seat when riding a motor vehicle.
[First-aid kit] If there is a serious trauma in a traffic accident, the first thing to do is to call 120 for help. If there is a fracture, you need to take the material locally, such as using wood board, cardboard, etc., do not move the fracture site to avoid secondary injury. Wang Xiangyun especially reminded that if there is no open wound on the outside after the accident, it is best to go to the hospital for examination, because the damage of the internal organs is often hidden, and should not be taken lightly.
Type of injury: drowning
Call 120 while performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation
[Case] ​​The 10-year-old source just learned to swim. He went to the swimming pool with his father some time ago. When Dad went to the bathroom, he swam to the deep water area and drowned. Fortunately, he was rescued by the lifeguard and sent to the hospital for rescue.
[Safety Tips] Parents should educate their children not to go into the water, swim to a regular swimming place, must have a lifeguard or an adult who can swim; do warm-up exercises before swimming, feel cramps and other discomforts or other accidents while swimming In the case, do not panic, try to use the body parts that are not cramped to help surface, and then call for help. When a child encounters someone drowning, he should immediately seek adult help and do not blindly rescue the water. Rural households have wells or water storage tanks, and must be covered to prevent children from falling into it.
[First-aid kit] For the rescue of drowning people on the shore, you should actively carry out on-site first aid while dialing 120. If the drowning person has been comatose and the breathing pulse stops, timely on-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed until the respiratory pulse is restored or the emergency personnel arrive.
Type of damage: falling from high altitude
Do not move nausea or vomit after falling
[Case] ​​On May 5, a 3-year-old boy from a community fell from the 10th floor. Fortunately, the boy fell on the 5th floor canopy to survive, and the emergency personnel who were rushed to the hospital for rescue.
[Safety Tips] Wang Xiangyun said that from the past fall cases, most of the cases are when parents leave their children alone at home, especially after the children are asleep, the parents take it for granted that they will not be able to wake up for a while. Out of time to do things, and accidents often occur at this time. Once the child wakes up and finds that the parents are absent, there will be “separation anxietyâ€, especially for preschool children who are not aware of the dangers, plus the active and curious nature, and may make dangerous actions such as climbing windows.
Parents should conduct safety investigations on their home environment. Terraces and escalators should be equipped with guardrails or protective nets to warn children not to climb; children should not be left alone at home, and young children should not leave the parents' sight.
[First-aid kit] When the child falls from a height, the parents first see if there is any obvious trauma, whether there is redness or bruise. If the wound is not seriously polluted, it can be washed with cold water or tap water; if the local bruising is swollen, it can be applied with ice water and then with safflower oil. For facial trauma combined with craniocerebral trauma, it should be urgently sent to the nearest hospital. Parents should observe whether the child has nausea or vomiting, and whether the consciousness is clear. If such symptoms occur, parents should not move at will, but should call 120 for treatment.
Type of injury: digestive tract foreign body
Prevent secondary damage after accidentally swallowing foreign objects
[Case] ​​On the Children's Day of June 1st, the 3 year old Huanhuan received a lot of holiday gifts, and the colorful "water baby" toy made him particularly like.è¶ Parents don’t pay attention, Huanhuan picks up the beautiful water baby and puts it in his mouth. He accidentally swallowed several pieces, so the parents found it in time to go to the hospital.
[Safety Tips] There are many reasons for foreign bodies to enter the digestive tract, such as eating too fast during meals, not chewing food, or amused and laughing while eating. Another important reason is that children are curious, and they accidentally swallowed small toys and coins. Parents must be cautious when choosing toys for young children. Do not wear them with accessories that are easy to grasp; sharp objects such as pushpins and sewing needles at home should be collected and not placed where children can reach.
[First-aid kit] If the child swallows a dangerous foreign object, such as nails, batteries, sewing needles, etc., should be immediately taken to the hospital, do not arbitrarily eat or play a large number of activities, so as not to cause Second damage. If it is a relatively sleek, low-risk item, such as plastic beads, you can closely observe whether it can be discharged through the stool.
Type of injury: burns
Severe burns should be sent to the doctor
[Case] ​​When Ms. Wang was taking a bath at home, she poured water into the bucket first. When she did not have time to pour cold water, she suddenly heard the phone rang. Who knows that she was busy picking up the phone, the two-year-old grandson fell into the bucket, causing burns.
[Safety Tips] Summer clothing is thin, which is a high incidence of children's burns and accidents. Parents should try to keep children into the kitchen, away from oil pans, soup pots, and hot water bottles. When children or adults take a bath, they should first pour cold water and then add hot water; help children understand the dangers of fire, heat and electricity.
[First-aid kit] If a small area of ​​superficial burns occurs in the hands and feet, it can be washed with flowing cold water and coated with a burn cream. If it is a burn on the face or forehead, you can use a few towels to take a cold compress. If heavy burns occur, use scissors to cut clothes, shoes and socks covered in burns, soak the affected area in cold water or clean cool water, reduce edema and pain, and go to the hospital as soon as possible. Do not apply soy sauce, sesame oil, etc. to the wound to avoid contaminating the wound and causing infection. Children with severe burns on a large area should take a supine position on the way to the hospital. Do not stand upright. You can give the children some light salt water to prevent dehydration.
Type of injury: accidental poisoning
Bring the package or residue for immediate medical attention
[Case] ​​Ms. Xiao used 84 disinfectant to clean her, and then stored the remaining diluted disinfectant in a Coke bottle. Who knows that the grandson went home and opened a big mouth. When he was sent to the hospital for treatment, the doctor found that the child had an acute gastric mucosal lesion.
[Safety Tips] Parents should properly store their medicines and all kinds of corrosive chemicals, rodenticides and other items. It is best to put them in a high-level counter and lock them. Don't put them in a place that children can reach. Special reminder is not to use beverages, mineral water bottles with toxic liquids to prevent children from mistaking.
[First-aid kit] Once you find that your child is taking drugs or poisons, immediately use your hand or cotton swab to stimulate the root of the tongue to induce vomiting and seek medical attention at the first time. If you accidentally wear an unidentified item, you should bring the outer packaging or the rest together to the hospital so that the doctor can judge and take appropriate treatment measures.
Changsha Evening News reporter Peng Fang correspondent Hu Xiao Yang Ling
Guiding expert Wang Xiangyun
Director of Pediatrics and Chief Physician of Changsha First Hospital
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